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      SARS corona virus peptides recognized by antibodies in the sera of convalescent cases

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          Abstract

          We synthesized on cellulose membranes 4942 ten-amino-acid peptides which included all of the sequences predicted for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) corona virus. We probed these membranes with four pairs of acute and convalescent sera from recovered SARS cases. We correlated positively reacting peptides with the in vitro SARS-CoV neutralizing activity of the samples. We found that convalescent sera with high neutralizing activity recognized exclusively only a limited number of peptides on the membranes. This suggests that antibodies against the epitopes represented by these peptides could be responsible for much of the SARS-CoV neutralizing activity. The findings have implications for monitoring humoral responses to SARS-CoV as well as for developing a successful SARS vaccine.

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          Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome.

          P Rota (2003)
          In March 2003, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was discovered in association with cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The sequence of the complete genome of SARS-CoV was determined, and the initial characterization of the viral genome is presented in this report. The genome of SARS-CoV is 29,727 nucleotides in length and has 11 open reading frames, and its genome organization is similar to that of other coronaviruses. Phylogenetic analyses and sequence comparisons showed that SARS-CoV is not closely related to any of the previously characterized coronaviruses.
          Article 0 comments Cited 1236 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Comparative full-length genome sequence analysis of 14 SARS coronavirus isolates and common mutations associated with putative origins of infection

            Yijun Ruan, Chia Wei, Ai Ling … (2003)
            Summary Background The cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been identified as a new coronavirus. Whole genome sequence analysis of various isolates might provide an indication of potential strain differences of this new virus. Moreover, mutation analysis will help to develop effective vaccines. Methods We sequenced the entire SARS viral genome of cultured isolates from the index case (SIN2500) presenting in Singapore, from three primary contacts (SIN2774, SIN2748, and SIN2677), and one secondary contact (SIN2679). These sequences were compared with the isolates from Canada (TOR2), Hong Kong (CUHK-W1 and HKU39849), Hanoi (URBANI), Guangzhou (GZ01), and Beijing (BJ01, BJ02, BJ03, BJ04). Findings We identified 129 sequence variations among the 14 isolates, with 16 recurrent variant sequences. Common variant sequences at four loci define two distinct genotypes of the SARS virus. One genotype was linked with infections originating in Hotel M in Hong Kong, the second contained isolates from Hong Kong, Guangzhou, and Beijing with no association with Hotel M (p<0.0001). Moreover, other common sequence variants further distinguished the geographical origins of the isolates, especially between Singapore and Beijing. Interpretation Despite the recent onset of the SARS epidemic, genetic signatures are emerging that partition the worldwide SARS viral isolates into groups on the basis of contact source history and geography. These signatures can be used to trace sources of infection. In addition, a common variant associated with a non-conservative aminoacid change in the S1 region of the spike protein, suggests that immunological pressures might be starting to influence the evolution of the SARS virus in human populations. Published online May 9, 2003 http://image.thelancet.com/extras/03art4454web.pdf
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              Retargeting of coronavirus by substitution of the spike glycoprotein ectodomain: crossing the host cell species barrier.

              J. P. Masters, G Godeke, M Raamsman … (2000)
              Coronaviruses generally have a narrow host range, infecting one or just a few species. Using targeted RNA recombination, we constructed a mutant of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) in which the ectodomain of the spike glycoprotein (S) was replaced with the highly divergent ectodomain of the S protein of feline infectious peritonitis virus. The resulting chimeric virus, designated fMHV, acquired the ability to infect feline cells and simultaneously lost the ability to infect murine cells in tissue culture. This reciprocal switch of species specificity strongly supports the notion that coronavirus host cell range is determined primarily at the level of interactions between the S protein and the virus receptor. The isolation of fMHV allowed the localization of the region responsible for S protein incorporation into virions to the carboxy-terminal 64 of the 1,324 residues of this protein. This establishes a basis for further definition of elements involved in virion assembly. In addition, fMHV is potentially the ideal recipient virus for carrying out reverse genetics of MHV by targeted RNA recombination, since it presents the possibility of selecting recombinants, no matter how defective, that have regained the ability to replicate in murine cells.
              Article 0 comments Cited 136 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Patrick L McGeer
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Virology
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Virology
                Title: Virology
                Publisher: Elsevier Inc.
                ISSN (Print): 0042-6822
                ISSN (Electronic): 1096-0341
                Publication date PMC-release: 25 May 2004
                Publication date (Print): 1 July 2004
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 May 2004
                Volume: 324
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 251-256
                Affiliations
                [a ]Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
                [b ]BC Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3. Fax: +1-604-822-7086. mcgeerpl@ 123456interchange.ubc.ca
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0042-6822(04)00262-4
                DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.04.017
                PMC ID: 7125913
                PubMed ID: 15207612
                SO-VID: d11524b9-58e3-4cc4-b36d-f55e0de21bf2
                Copyright © Copyright © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 14 January 2004
                Date revision received : 25 February 2004
                Date accepted : 14 April 2004
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: immune response,sars vaccine,peptide membranes
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: immune response, sars vaccine, peptide membranes

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