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      Do minds switch bodies? Dualist interpretations across ages and societies

      1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5
      Religion, Brain & Behavior
      Informa UK Limited

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          When Morality Opposes Justice: Conservatives Have Moral Intuitions that Liberals may not Recognize

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            Social evaluation by preverbal infants.

            The capacity to evaluate other people is essential for navigating the social world. Humans must be able to assess the actions and intentions of the people around them, and make accurate decisions about who is friend and who is foe, who is an appropriate social partner and who is not. Indeed, all social animals benefit from the capacity to identify individual conspecifics that may help them, and to distinguish these individuals from others that may harm them. Human adults evaluate people rapidly and automatically on the basis of both behaviour and physical features, but the ontogenetic origins and development of this capacity are not well understood. Here we show that 6- and 10-month-old infants take into account an individual's actions towards others in evaluating that individual as appealing or aversive: infants prefer an individual who helps another to one who hinders another, prefer a helping individual to a neutral individual, and prefer a neutral individual to a hindering individual. These findings constitute evidence that preverbal infants assess individuals on the basis of their behaviour towards others. This capacity may serve as the foundation for moral thought and action, and its early developmental emergence supports the view that social evaluation is a biological adaptation.
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              Culture and systems of thought: holistic versus analytic cognition.

              The authors find East Asians to be holistic, attending to the entire field and assigning causality to it, making relatively little use of categories and formal logic, and relying on "dialectical" reasoning, whereas Westerners are more analytic, paying attention primarily to the object and the categories to which it belongs and using rules, including formal logic, to understand its behavior. The 2 types of cognitive processes are embedded in different naive metaphysical systems and tacit epistemologies. The authors speculate that the origin of these differences is traceable to markedly different social systems. The theory and the evidence presented call into question long-held assumptions about basic cognitive processes and even about the appropriateness of the process-content distinction.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Religion, Brain & Behavior
                Religion, Brain & Behavior
                Informa UK Limited
                2153-599X
                2153-5981
                July 11 2017
                October 02 2018
                October 02 2017
                October 02 2018
                : 8
                : 4
                : 354-368
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA
                [2 ]Centre for Applied Cross-Cultural Research, School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
                [3 ]Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
                [4 ]Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
                [5 ]Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
                Article
                10.1080/2153599X.2017.1377757
                d0c471e0-2990-4552-b1ba-4aa47bb7391b
                © 2018
                History

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