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      Diversidad florística de suelos halomórficos cultivados del Alto Valle de Río Negro (Argentina) Translated title: Floristic diversity of cultivated halomorphic soils of the Alto Valle de Río Negro (Argentina)

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN En el Alto Valle de Río Negro, el riego excesivo y drenaje deficiente ocasionan el ascenso de la capa freática con sales disueltas que, combinados con la textura del suelo, promueven su salinización. Consecuentemente, prosperan halófitos y merman los rendimientos de los cultivos y la calidad de los productos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la diversidad florística de halófitos en diferentes cultivos y grupos texturales en el área. Se realizaron relevamientos de vegetación sobre parches salinizados en diferentes establecimientos productivos. Para cada taxón se calculó el valor de importancia y se lo clasificó según su origen geográfico, hábito, forma de vida y mecanismo para resistir la salinidad. La comparación florística entre ambientes se realizó mediante los índices ecológicos riqueza, diversidad y equitatividad, y técnicas de agrupamiento jerárquico. El listado florístico presenta 111 taxones infra-genéricos. Las familias mejor representadas son Poaceae, Asteraceae y Chenopodiaceae. El 70,27 % de los taxones son pseudohalófitos, el 17,11 % crinohalófitos y el 12,62 % euhalófitos. Los suelos de barda y media barda tienen los índices ecológicos más altos. Los cultivos abandonados y forrajeros presentan los mayores valores de diversidad y equitatividad, mientras que los de vid y abandonados, mayor riqueza específica. Los valores de similitud florística en los grupos texturales son bajos a medios, mientras que, en los cultivos, medios a altos. Se presenta el primer inventario florístico de taxones halófilos en suelos halomórficos cultivados para la región que provee información útil para una gestión adecuada de los establecimientos productivos.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT In the Alto Valle de Río Negro, excessive irrigation and poor drainage cause the water table to rise with dissolved salts that, combined with the texture of the soil, promote its salinization. Consequently, halophytes thrive, and both crop yields and the quality of the products decrease. This work aims to analyze the floristic diversity of halophytes in different crops and textural groups in the area. Vegetation surveys on salinized patches in different productive establishments were carried out. For each taxon, the importance value was calculated and was classified according to its geographical origin, habit, life form, and mechanism to resist salinity. The floristic comparison between environments was carried out using the ecological indices richness, diversity and evenness, and hierarchical grouping techniques. The floristic list presents 111 infrageneric taxa. The best-represented families are Poaceae, Asteraceae, and Chenopodiaceae. The 70.27 % of the taxa are pseudohalophytes, 17.11 % crinohalophytes, and 12.62 % euhalophytes. The "barda" and "media barda" soils have the highest ecological indices. The abandoned and forage crops present the highest values of diversity and equitability, while vine and abandoned crops, the highest values of specific richness. The floristic similarity values in the textural groups are low to medium, while in the crops, medium to high. The first floristic inventory of halophilic taxa in cultivated halomorphic soils for the region is presented, which provides useful information for adequate management of productive establishments.

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          Salinity tolerance in halophytes.

          Halophytes, plants that survive to reproduce in environments where the salt concentration is around 200 mm NaCl or more, constitute about 1% of the world's flora. Some halophytes show optimal growth in saline conditions; others grow optimally in the absence of salt. However, the tolerance of all halophytes to salinity relies on controlled uptake and compartmentalization of Na+, K+ and Cl- and the synthesis of organic 'compatible' solutes, even where salt glands are operative. Although there is evidence that different species may utilize different transporters in their accumulation of Na+, in general little is known of the proteins and regulatory networks involved. Consequently, it is not yet possible to assign molecular mechanisms to apparent differences in rates of Na+ and Cl- uptake, in root-to-shoot transport (xylem loading and retrieval), or in net selectivity for K+ over Na+. At the cellular level, H+-ATPases in the plasma membrane and tonoplast, as well as the tonoplast H+-PPiase, provide the trans-membrane proton motive force used by various secondary transporters. The widespread occurrence, taxonomically, of halophytes and the general paucity of information on the molecular regulation of tolerance mechanisms persuade us that research should be concentrated on a number of 'model' species that are representative of the various mechanisms that might be involved in tolerance.
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            An Approach toward a Rational Classification of Climate

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              Ecological Diversity

              Indices of diversity and evenness; Species abundance distribuition; Teting hypotheses about species abundances; Divesity and spatial pattern; Diversity on environmental gradients; Determinats of diversity: Local factors.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cal
                Caldasia
                Caldasia
                Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias-Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia )
                0366-5232
                2357-3759
                April 2022
                : 44
                : 1
                : 95-107
                Affiliations
                [1] Río Negro orgnameUniversidad Nacional del Comahue orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias orgdiv2Departamento de Biología Aplicada Argentina rgandullo@ 123456yahoo.com.ar
                Article
                S0366-52322022000100095 S0366-5232(22)04400100095
                10.15446/caldasia.v44n1.87231
                d0113fe2-610a-4c4f-9640-c15082722447

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 January 2021
                : 18 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 105, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Ecología

                Patagonia,salinization,halophytes,Agricultural crops,salinización,halófitos,Cultivos agrícolas

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