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      A Diagnostic Laboratory-Based Study on Frequency and Distribution of Viral Hepatitis B and C Among Sudanese

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Hepatitis B infection is an alarming public health problem. Almost two billion people of the population alive today, would have been infected at some time in their lives by hepatitis B. Hepatitis C virus is another life threatening condition, and about 425,000 deaths occur each year due to its complications.

          The current study was carried out to provide care givers and health planners basic epidemiological data regarding the frequency and distribution of HBV and HCV based on age and sex during a time period of more than 5 years.

          Result:

          A total of 2109 different patients were found to be infected by HBV during the study period; 1641 (77.81%) were males and 468 (22.19%) were females with the age group of 20-39 years predominating (64%). In addition,16% of patients tested for HBeAg were found reactive.

          Conclusion:

          There were significant correlations observed between the levels of HBV DNA and ALT, AST and AFP. Regarding HCV, 70 males (54.9%) and 63 females (45.1%) were found to be infected, with preponderance of the age group 41 - 60 years and the genotype 4. Designing knowledge raising campaigns is appreciated as well as repetition of similar studies among larger populations in the following few years will help track a way to improvement.

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          Most cited references47

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          Chronic hepatitis B.

          Anna Lok, Brian McMahon (2007)
          Article 0 comments Cited 359 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Global surveillance and control of hepatitis C. Report of a WHO Consultation organized in collaboration with the Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board, Antwerp, Belgium.

            WHO, WHO Consulatation (1998)
            Hepatitis C is a global health problem caused by infection with the hepatitis C virus. Although representative prevalence data are not available from many countries, available data indicate that approximately 3% of the world's population is infected with HCV. It is estimated that as many as 170 million persons world-wide may be infected with HCV. In many countries, the exact magnitude of the problem and the relative contribution of the various routes of transmission have not been defined with population-based studies. Wherever possible such studies should be performed to enable countries to estimate the burden of hepatitis C disease, to prioritize their preventative measures and to make the most appropriate use of available resources. To assess hepatitis C on a global scale, the World Health Organization (WHO) organized a consultation of international experts, in order to review the public health aspects related to hepatitis C infection and to make recommendations for its prevention and control.
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              Peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

              M Brunda, Tsz M. Lai, J. Reichen … (2000)
              Covalent attachment of a 40-kd branched-chain polyethylene glycol moiety to interferon alfa-2a results in a compound (peginterferon alfa-2a) that has sustained absorption, a slower rate of clearance, and a longer half-life than unmodified interferon alfa-2a. We compared the clinical effects of a regimen of peginterferon alfa-2a with those of a regimen of interferon alfa-2a in the initial treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C. We randomly assigned 531 patients with chronic hepatitis C to receive either 180 microg of peginterferon alfa-2a subcutaneously once per week for 48 weeks (267 patients) or 6 million units of interferon alfa-2a subcutaneously three times per week for 12 weeks, followed by 3 million units three times per week for 36 weeks (264 patients). All the patients were assessed at week 72 for a sustained virologic response, defined as an undetectable level of hepatitis C virus RNA (<100 copies per milliliter). In the peginterferon group, 223 of the 267 patients completed treatment and 206 completed follow-up. In the interferon group, 161 of the 264 patients completed treatment and 154 completed follow-up. In an intention-to-treat analysis in which patients who missed the examination at the end of treatment or follow-up were considered not to have had a response at that point, peginterferon alfa-2a was associated with a higher rate of virologic response than was interferon alfa-2a at week 48 (69 percent vs. 28 percent, P=0.001) and at week 72 (39 percent vs. 19 percent, P=0.001). Sustained normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase concentrations at week 72 was also more common in the peginterferon group than in the interferon group (45 percent vs. 25 percent, P=0.001). The two groups were similar with respect to the frequency and severity of adverse events, which were typical of those associated with interferon alfa. In patients with chronic hepatitis C, a regimen of peginterferon alfa-2a given once weekly is more effective than a regimen of interferon alfa-2a given three times weekly.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Open Virol J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Open Virol J
                Journal ID (publisher-id): TOVJ
                Title: The Open Virology Journal
                Publisher: Bentham Open
                ISSN (Electronic): 1874-3579
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 October 2017
                Publication date Collection: 2017
                Volume: 11
                Pages: 98-107
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Microbilogy, Elrazi University, Khartoum, Sudan
                [2 ]Almokhtabar Moamena Kamel Medical Laboratories, Khartoum, Sudan
                Author notes
                [* ]Address correspondence to this authors at the Department of Microbilogy, Elrazi University Khartoum, Sudan, Tel: +24969562602; E-mail: mmbadwi44new@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: TOVJ-11-98
                DOI: 10.2174/1874357901711010098
                PMC ID: 5769029
                SO-VID: cf02b872-fe2e-424a-90c8-13c02d3c4ddd
                Copyright © © 2017 Badawi et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International Public License (CC-BY 4. 0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4. 0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 07 August 2017
                Date revision received : 25 August 2017
                Date accepted : 04 September 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: hbv,hcv,obi,hcv genotypes,epidemiological studies
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: hbv, hcv, obi, hcv genotypes, epidemiological studies

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