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      Transient production of receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants induces specific antibodies in immunized mice

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          Abstract

          Background

          The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has currently affected millions of people around the world. To combat the rapid spread of COVID-19 there is an urgent need to implement technological platforms for the production of vaccines, drugs and diagnostic systems by the scientific community and pharmaceutical companies. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the cells by the interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) present in the viral surface spike protein and its human receptor ACE2. The RBD protein is therefore considered as the target for potential subunit-based vaccines.

          Methods and results

          We evaluate the use of Nicotiana benthamiana plants as the host to transiently-producing recombinant RBD (RBDr) protein. The identity of the plant-produced RBDr was confirmed by immune assays and mass spectrometry. Immunogenicity was confirmed through the specific antibodies generated in all of the immunized mice compared to the PBS treated group.

          Conclusions

          In conclusions, the immunogenicity of the RBDr produced in N. benthamiana was confirmed. These findings support the use of plants as an antigen expression system for the rapid development of vaccine candidates.

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          A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding

          Marion Bradford (1976)
          Article 0 comments Cited 8580 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster

            Jasper Chan, Shuofeng Yuan, Kin-Hang Kok … (2020)
            Summary Background An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia associated with a novel coronavirus was reported in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China. Affected patients were geographically linked with a local wet market as a potential source. No data on person-to-person or nosocomial transmission have been published to date. Methods In this study, we report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and microbiological findings of five patients in a family cluster who presented with unexplained pneumonia after returning to Shenzhen, Guangdong province, China, after a visit to Wuhan, and an additional family member who did not travel to Wuhan. Phylogenetic analysis of genetic sequences from these patients were done. Findings From Jan 10, 2020, we enrolled a family of six patients who travelled to Wuhan from Shenzhen between Dec 29, 2019 and Jan 4, 2020. Of six family members who travelled to Wuhan, five were identified as infected with the novel coronavirus. Additionally, one family member, who did not travel to Wuhan, became infected with the virus after several days of contact with four of the family members. None of the family members had contacts with Wuhan markets or animals, although two had visited a Wuhan hospital. Five family members (aged 36–66 years) presented with fever, upper or lower respiratory tract symptoms, or diarrhoea, or a combination of these 3–6 days after exposure. They presented to our hospital (The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen) 6–10 days after symptom onset. They and one asymptomatic child (aged 10 years) had radiological ground-glass lung opacities. Older patients (aged >60 years) had more systemic symptoms, extensive radiological ground-glass lung changes, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase levels. The nasopharyngeal or throat swabs of these six patients were negative for known respiratory microbes by point-of-care multiplex RT-PCR, but five patients (four adults and the child) were RT-PCR positive for genes encoding the internal RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and surface Spike protein of this novel coronavirus, which were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of these five patients' RT-PCR amplicons and two full genomes by next-generation sequencing showed that this is a novel coronavirus, which is closest to the bat severe acute respiatory syndrome (SARS)-related coronaviruses found in Chinese horseshoe bats. Interpretation Our findings are consistent with person-to-person transmission of this novel coronavirus in hospital and family settings, and the reports of infected travellers in other geographical regions. Funding The Shaw Foundation Hong Kong, Michael Seak-Kan Tong, Respiratory Viral Research Foundation Limited, Hui Ming, Hui Hoy and Chow Sin Lan Charity Fund Limited, Marina Man-Wai Lee, the Hong Kong Hainan Commercial Association South China Microbiology Research Fund, Sanming Project of Medicine (Shenzhen), and High Level-Hospital Program (Guangdong Health Commission).
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              Is Open Access

              Anomalous collapses of Nares Strait ice arches leads to enhanced export of Arctic sea ice

              G. Moore, S. Howell, M. Brady … (2021)
              The ice arches that usually develop at the northern and southern ends of Nares Strait play an important role in modulating the export of Arctic Ocean multi-year sea ice. The Arctic Ocean is evolving towards an ice pack that is younger, thinner, and more mobile and the fate of its multi-year ice is becoming of increasing interest. Here, we use sea ice motion retrievals from Sentinel-1 imagery to report on the recent behavior of these ice arches and the associated ice fluxes. We show that the duration of arch formation has decreased over the past 20 years, while the ice area and volume fluxes along Nares Strait have both increased. These results suggest that a transition is underway towards a state where the formation of these arches will become atypical with a concomitant increase in the export of multi-year ice accelerating the transition towards a younger and thinner Arctic ice pack.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Yanaysi Ceballo:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0093-8205
                yanaysi.ceballo@cigb.edu.cu
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mol Biol Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Mol Biol Rep
                Title: Molecular Biology Reports
                Publisher: Springer Netherlands (Dordrecht )
                ISSN (Print): 0301-4851
                ISSN (Electronic): 1573-4978
                Publication date (Electronic): 8 May 2022
                Pages: 1-11
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.418259.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0401 7707, Bioreactors Laboratory, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ; Havana, Cuba
                [2 ]GRID grid.418259.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0401 7707, Proteomic Laboratory, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ; Havana, Cuba
                [3 ]GRID grid.418259.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0401 7707, Diagnostic Laboratory, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ; Havana, Cuba
                [4 ]GRID grid.418259.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0401 7707, Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ; PO Box 6162, 10600 Havana, Cuba
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0093-8205
                Article
                Publisher ID: 7402
                DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07402-4
                PMC ID: 9079970
                PubMed ID: 35526244
                SO-VID: cd541ee3-de59-483d-b667-257d16606919
                Copyright © © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Date received : 4 February 2022
                Date revision received : 15 March 2022
                Date accepted : 17 March 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: sars-cov-2,rbdr,n. benthamiana,mice,immunization,antibodies
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: sars-cov-2, rbdr, n. benthamiana, mice, immunization, antibodies

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