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      El sustrato y arreglo espacial de siembra en la productividad de minijardines clonales de Tectona grandis Linn. F1 Translated title: Substrate and spatial planting pattern on the productivity of clonal mini gardens of Tectona grandis Linn. F

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción. Tectona grandis es la especie con la mayor área plantada en Costa Rica, por los altos precios en el mercado internacional. La producción de plantas para reforestación se ha tecnificado en el país, se desarrolla basado en tecnologías de ambientes protegidos, que permiten aumentar la productividad, disminuir costos de operación y ofrecer material de siembra durante todo el año. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de dos sustratos y cinco densidades de siembra en la productividad de minijardines clonales de Tectona grandis dentro de un ambiente protegido. Materiales y métodos. Se caracterizaron mediante análisis de granulometría y retención de humedad, cuatro sustratos inertes de fácil adquisición, de ellos se seleccionó el polvo de piedra como óptimo. Se estableció un ensayo experimental con diseño factorial 2x5 en San Carlos, Costa Rica, para evaluar dos sustratos (polvo de piedra solo y con 25 % de carbón) y cinco densidades de siembra (cm) de 10x10, 10x5, 7x5, 10x10 con dos plantas por hoyo y 10x10 con una planta en el medio. Cada densidad tuvo cuatro clones como efecto repetición. El ensayo se evaluó durante cinco ciclos continuos de producción de enero a setiembre del 2021. Resultados. El uso del polvo de piedra sin carbón como sustrato, registró la mayor productividad a un menor costo. El arreglo espacial de siembra de 10x10 cm con una planta en el centro (n=145 plantas/m2), registró la mayor producción de brotes por planta madre (1,16). El arreglo 7x5 cm aumentó la productividad hasta en 206 brotes m2/mes. Conclusión. El cambio de densidad de siembra del minijardín clonal, en una primera etapa a 10x10 cm con una planta en el centro, resultó en alto impacto en productividad (74 %), mayor eficiencia en el uso del espacio y mejor gradualidad del cambio en el sistema operativo.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction. Tectona grandis is the species with the largest planted area in Costa Rica, due to the high prices in the international market. The production of plants for reforestation has been technified in the country and is currently being developed based on protected environment technologies, which increase productivity, reduce operating costs, and offer planting material throughout the year. Objective. To evaluate the effect of two substrates and five planting densities on the productivity of clonal mini-gardens of Tectona grandis in a protected environment. Materials and methods. Four readily available inert substrates were characterized by granulometry and moisture retention analysis, from which stone dust was selected as the optimum substrate. An experimental trial with a 2x5 factorial design was established in San Carlos, Costa Rica to evaluate two substrates (stone dust alone and with 25 % charcoal) and five planting densities (cm) of 10x10, 10x5, 7x5, 10x10 with two plants per hole and 10x10 with one plant in the middle. Each density had four clones as a replicate effect. The trial was evaluated during five continuous production cycles from January to September 2021. Results. The use of stone dust as substrate, without charcoal, recorded the highest productivity at a lower cost. The spatial planting arrangement of 10x10 cm with one plant in the middle (n=145 plants/m2), recorded the highest shoot production per mother plant (1.16). The 7x5 cm arrangement increased productivity by up to 206 shoots m2/month. Conclusion. The change in planting density of the clonal mini-garden, in a first stage to 10x10cm with an additional plant in the center, resulted in a high impact on productivity (74 %), greater efficiency in the use of space, and a better gradual change in the operating system.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                am
                Agronomía Mesoamericana
                Agron. Mesoam
                Universidad de Costa Rica (San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica )
                1659-1321
                2215-3608
                August 2023
                : 34
                : 2
                : 51977
                Affiliations
                [3] orgnameInstituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica Costa Rica olmuga@ 123456yahoo.es
                [1] orgnameInstituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica Costa Rica arantxarodriguezs@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] orgnameInstituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica Costa Rica ybadilla@ 123456itcr.ac.cr
                Article
                S1659-13212023000200023 S1659-1321(23)03400200023
                10.15517/am.v34i2.51977
                cc7b09a2-fb0b-49d3-9b25-f3b59c07dd2c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 November 2022
                : 29 July 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 43, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Categories
                Notas técnicas

                silvicultura clonal,propagación vegetativa,mejoramiento de árboles,ambiente protegido,mini estacas,clonal forestry,vegetative propagation,tree improvement,protected environment,mini cuttings

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