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      Effect of dietary addition of unprocessed, autoclaved, or pre-germinated fenugreek seeds on laying hens’ performance and egg quality Translated title: Efecto de la adición de semillas de alholva no tratadas, tratadas en autoclave o pre-germinadas en dietas de gallinas ponedoras sobre el rendimiento y la calidad de los huevos Translated title: Efeito da adição de sementes de feno-grego não tratados, autoclavados ou pre-germinadas em rações de poedeiras no rendimento e na qualidade dos ovos

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          Abstract

          Abstract Background: previous studies have shown that fenugreek seed given at 6 g/hen/d in an attempt to reduce yolk cholesterol tended to reduce laying performance and that autoclaving and pre-germination improved its in vitro nutritional values. Objective: to evaluate the effect of dietary addition of unprocessed (UPFS), autoclaved (AFS) or pre-germinated (PGFS) fenugreek seeds on laying hens’ performance, egg physical characteristics and chemical composition. Methods: forty-eight 31 week-old Novogen white laying hens were divided into four groups and given 100 g/hen/d of a basal diet containing 0 (control) or 5.7 g of UPFS, AFS, or PGFS during nine weeks. Repeated and non-repeated data were analyzed using the Mixed and GLM procedures, respectively. Results: diet, week on diet and their interaction affected consumption (p<0.05). Laying rate was not affected (p>0.05) by week on diet but was reduced (p<0.05) by UPFS-diet. Moreover, UPFS-diet reduced (p<0.05) daily egg mass production. Feed conversion ratio was not affected (p>0.05) by dietary treatment or by week on diet. Egg, yolk, albumen and shell weights were affected (p<0.05) by week on diet but not by diet nor diet-week interaction. Dietary inclusion of fenugreek seeds did not affect total egg crude protein, yolk lipids, and triglyceride nor yolk cholesterol contents. Conclusion: unprocessed fenugreek reduced laying rate and daily egg mass production, but these effects were removed by autoclaving or pre-germination. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the impact of fenugreek seeds dietary supplementation on fatty acids profile and lipid peroxidation.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Antecedentes: estudios anteriores sugirieron que el suministro de 6 g/gallina/día de semillas de alholva utilizadas con el fin de bajar el contenido en colesterol en la yema, tendió a reducir el rendimiento en gallinas ponedoras y que el tratamiento en autoclave y la pre-germinación mejoraron su valor nutritivo in vitro. Objetivo: evaluar los efectos de la adición de semillas de alholva no tratadas (UPFS), tratadas en autoclave (AFS) o pregerminadas (PGFS) en dietas de gallinas ponedoras sobre la producción, la composición química y la calidad física del huevo. Métodos: cuarenta y ocho gallinas ponedoras blancas de 31 semanas de edad de la línea Novogen white fueron divididas en cuatro grupos, a las cuales se les suministró 100 g/gallina/día de una dieta base que contenía 0 (control) o 5,7 g de UPFS, AFS o PGFS durante nueve semanas. Los datos con o sin repeticiones fueron analizados mediante los modelos mixtos y GLM, respectivamente. Resultados: la dieta, la semana en la dieta y su interacción afectaron el consumo (p<0,05). El porcentaje de puesta no varió (p>0,05) por la semana en las dietas, sin embargo, fue reducida (p<0,05) solamente por la dieta UPFS. Además, la dieta UPFS disminuyó (p<0,05) la producción diaria de masa de huevo. El índice de conversión alimenticio no varió (p>0,05) ni por la dieta ni por la semana en la dieta. Los pesos del huevo, de la yema, de la albúmina y de la cáscara fueron afectados (p<0,05) por la semana en la dieta, pero no por la dieta ni su interacción. La inclusión de semillas del alholva en la dieta no influyó (p<0,05) en la concentración total de proteína bruta del huevo, de lípidos, triglicéridos ni en los contenidos de colesterol en la yema. Conclusión: las semillas de alholva no tratadas redujeron el porcentaje de puesta y la producción diaria de masa de huevo, pero estos efectos fueron removidos por el autoclavado o la pregerminación. Se necesitan más investigaciones para evaluar el impacto de la incorporación dietética de las semillas de la alholva sobre el perfil de los ácidos grasos y la peroxidación lipídica.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Antecedentes: estudos anteriores mostraram que as sementes de feno-grego dado em 6 g/galinha/dia na tentativa de reduzir o colesterol na gema tendiam a reduzir o desempenho e que a autoclavagem e pré- germinação melhorou os valores nutricionais in vitro. Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos da adição de sementes de feno-grego não tratadas (UPFS), autoclavadas (AFS) ou pré-germinadas (PGFS) em dietas em galinhas poedeiras no desempenho, características físicas dos ovos e composição química. Métodos: quarenta e oito galinhas poedeiras Novogen white de 31 semanas de idade foram divididas em quatro grupos e fornecidos 100 g/galinha/dia de uma dieta basal contendo 0 (controle) ou 5,7 g de UPFS, AFS ou PGFS durante nove semanas. Os dados repetidos e não-repetidos foram analisados utilizando os procedimentos mistos e GLM, respectivamente. Resultados: a dieta, a semana sobre a dieta e a sua interação afetaram o consumo (p<0,05). A taxa de postura não foi afetada (p>0,05) por semana na dieta, mas foi reduzida (p<0,05) apenas por a dieta UPFS. Além disso, a dieta UPFS reduziu (p<0,05) a produção diária de massa de ovos. A taxa de conversão de alimentação não foi afetada (p>0,05) nem pela dieta nem pela semana na dieta. Os pesos do ovo, da gema, da albumina e da casca foram afetados (p<0,05) pela semana na dieta mas não pela dieta ou a interação. A inclusão de sementes de feno-grego na dieta não afetou (p>0,05) o conteúdo de proteína bruta total dos ovos, dos lipídios, triglicérides nem do conteúdo de colesterol da gema. Conclusão: sementes de feno-grego não tratadas reduziu a taxa de postura e a produção diária de massa de ovos, mas estes efeitos foram removidos pela autoclavagem e pré-germinação. São necessárias novas investigações para avaliar o impacto da suplementação alimentar sobre a semente de feno-grego no perfil de ácidos graxos e peroxidação lipídica.

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          Most cited references34

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          Steroid saponins from fenugreek seeds: extraction, purification, and pharmacological investigation on feeding behavior and plasma cholesterol.

          The seeds of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) are traditionally assumed to have restorative properties. We have recently shown that a fenugreek seed extract containing steroid saponins increased food consumption and induced hypocholesterolemia in rats. This study aims to investigate the specific role of purified steroid saponins in these properties. For this purpose, an original technique for extraction and purification of steroid saponins was carried out. Thereafter, the effects of these steroid saponins were investigated on feeding behavior and metabolic endocrine changes in normal and diabetic rats. All the steroid saponins (furostanol type) were extracted from the seeds and separated from all other constituents of the entire extract by using several purification procedures to give an extract containing at least 90% of steroid saponins. Pharmcological experiments were performed in vivo in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats: steroid saponins were administered chronically mixed with food (12.5 mg/day per 300 g body weight). Our data show that the treatment with steroid saponins significantly increased food intake and the motivation to eat in normal rats, while modifying the circadian rhythm of feeding behavior; it also stabilized the food consumption in diabetic rats, which resulted in a progressive weight gain in these animals, in contrast to untreated diabetic controls. Both in normal and diabetic rats, steroid saponins decreased total plasma cholesterol without any change in triglycerides. In conclusion, the present work reports a clear methodology to obtain all the steroid saponins and demonstrates that these saponins enhance food consumption and motivation to eat, and reduce plasma cholesterol levels in rats.
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            4-hydroxyisoleucine an unusual amino acid as antidyslipidemic and antihyperglycemic agent.

            Trigonella foenum-graecum, commonly known as fenugreek, is an annual herbaceous plant. From the seeds of T. foenum-graecum an unusual amino acid, 4-hydroxyisoleucine 5, has been isolated, which significantly decreased the plasma triglyceride levels by 33% (P<0.002), total cholesterol (TC) by 22% (P<0.02), and free fatty acids by 14%, accompanied by an increase in HDL-C/TC ratio by 39% in the dyslipidemic hamster model.
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              Health-related behaviours as predictors of mortality and morbidity in Australian Aborigines.

              To examine predictors of coronary heart disease (CHD) and all-cause mortality in Aboriginal Australians. In 1988-89, a survey of Western Australian Aborigines (256 women, 258 men) aged 15-88 years documented diet, alcohol and smoking habits. Linkage to mortality and hospital admissions to the end of 2002 provided longitudinal data for modelling of coronary heart disease endpoints and all-cause mortality using Cox regression. Coronary heart disease risk increased with smoking (HR 2.62, 95% CI: 1.19, 5.75), consumption of processed meats >once/week (HR 2.21, 95% CI: 1.05, 4.63), eggs >twice/week (HR 2.59, 95% CI: 1.11, 6.04) and using spreads on bread (HR 3.14. 95% CI: 1.03, 9.61). All-cause mortality risk was lower with exercise >once/week (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.26, 1.05), increased in ex-drinkers (HR 3.66, 95% CI: 1.08, 12.47), heavy drinkers (HR 5.26, 95% CI: 1.46, 7.52) and with consumption of take away foods >nine times/month (HR 1.78, 95% CI 0.96, 3.29). Greater alcohol intake, smoking and adverse dietary choices clustered in 53% of men and 56% of women and increased risk of coronary heart disease (HR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1, 4.0) and all-cause mortality (HR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.2). Lifestyle in Aboriginal Australians predicts coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality. Clustering of adverse behaviours is common and increases risk of coronary heart disease and death.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rccp
                Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias
                Rev Colom Cienc Pecua
                Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia )
                0120-0690
                June 2017
                : 30
                : 2
                : 147-158
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameUniversity of Carthage orgdiv1Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur orgdiv2Department of Animal Production Tunisia
                Article
                S0120-06902017000200147
                10.17533/udea.rccp.v30n2a06
                c92400cc-27f5-4d69-afe7-acc5e5223787

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 February 2016
                : 10 October 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 37, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Colombia


                triglycerides,egg quality,cholesterol,triglicerídeos,qualidade do ovo,cor da gema,colesterol,triglicéridos,color de la yema,calidad de los huevos,yolk color

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