The impact of environmental pollution on the quality of mother's milk

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Abstract

Breastfeeding is a gold standard of neonate nutrition because human milk contains a lot of essential compounds crucial for proper development of a child. However, milk is also a biofluid which can contain environmental pollution, which can have effects on immune system and consequently on the various body organs. Polychlorinated biphenyls are organic pollutants which have been detected in human milk. They have lipophilic properties, so they can penetrate to fatty milk and ultimately to neonate digestive track. Another problem of interest is the presence in milk of heavy metals—arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury—as these compounds can lead to disorders in production of cytokines, which are important immunomodulators. The toxicants cause stimulation or suppression of this compounds. This can lead to health problems in children as allergy, disorders in the endocrine system, end even neurodevelopment delay and disorder. Consequently, correlations between pollutants and bioactive components in milk should be investigated. This article provides an overview of environmental pollutants found in human milk as well as of the consequences of cytokine disorder correlated with presence of heavy metals.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-2824

+48 56 665 60 56 , rgadz@umk.pl

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

Title: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )

ISSN (Print): 0944-1344

ISSN (Electronic): 1614-7499

Publication date (Electronic): 28 January 2019

Publication date PMC-release: 28 January 2019

Publication date (Print): 2019

Volume: 26

Issue: 8

Pages: 7405-7427

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0943 6490, GRID grid.5374.5, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, , Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ; 7 Gagarin St, 87-100 Toruń, Poland

[2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0943 6490, GRID grid.5374.5, Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, , Nicolaus Copernicus University, ; 4 Wileńska St, PL-87100 Toruń, Poland

[3 ]Ludwik Rydygier Provincial Polyclinic Hospital in Toruń, Human Milk Bank, Św. Józefa 53-59, 87-100 Toruń, Poland

[4 ]Human Milk Bank Foundation, 128J Podkowy St, 04-937 Warsaw, Poland

Author notes

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Author information

Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-2824

Article

Publisher ID: 4141

DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04141-1

PMC ID: 6447517

PubMed ID: 30687894

SO-VID: c92062f0-c26b-4b6f-921a-a52a9b7fda88

License:

OpenAccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.