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      DEMOCRACIA E REDUÇÃO DA DESIGUALDADE ECONÔMICA NO BRASIL: A INCLUSÃO DOS OUTSIDERS Translated title: INEQUALITY REDUCTION AND DEMOCRACY IN BRAZIL: THE INCLUSION OF OUTSIDERS Translated title: LA DÉMOCRATIE ET LA RÉDUCTION DES INÉGALITÉS ÉCONOMIQUES AU BRÉSIL: L’INTÉGRATION DES OUTSIDERS

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          Abstract

          O artigo examina a trajetória da desigualdade econômica no Brasil no período democrático contemporâneo. Demonstra que esta foi substancialmente reduzida por um mecanismo de inclusão dos outsiders. A trajetória desse mecanismo é descrita como tendo compreendido duas fases: (i) mudanças paradigmáticas no desenho das políticas sociais brasileiras, que produziam grande divisão entre insiders e outsiders desde os anos 1930, foram introduzidas na transição para a democracia; (ii) sob o sufrágio universal, partidos de esquerda e conservadores convergiram em torno das preferências dos beneficiários dessas políticas, a saber, política do salário mínimo, de saúde e de educação. Esses resultados desafiam o poder explicativo da teoria do eleitor mediano e da força parlamentar da esquerda. Em vez, indicam que mudanças exógenas ao sistema de políticas sociais introduziram políticas redistributivas sob uma conjuntura crítica, as quais, por sua vez, deram origem a mudanças endógenas, nas quais a competição política jogou papel central.

          Translated abstract

          This article examines the path of economic inequality in Brazil under the current democratic period. It demonstrates that a mechanism of inclusion of outsiders sharply reduced economic inequality. The path of such mechanism is described as being deployed through two sequential phases: (i) in the transition to democracy, the introduction of paradigmatic changes in the model of Brazilian social policies, which had produced a big divide between insiders and outsiders since the 30s; (ii) under universal suffrage, the convergence of conservative and left-wing parties around the preferences of the beneficiaries of those policies, namely minimum wage as well as education and health policies. Such research results challenge the explanatory power of the median voter and the power of the theories of the Left. Instead, they suggest that exogenous changes introduced redistributive policies under a critical juncture, which in turn have given place to endogenous changes in which political competition played a key role.

          Translated abstract

          L’article examine la trajectoire de l’inégalité économique au Brésil dans la période démocratique contemporaine. Il démontre que cette inégalité a été substantiellement réduite par un mécanisme d’inclusion des outsiders. La trajectoire de ce mécanisme est décrite comme étant composée par deux phases : (i) celle des changements paradigmatiques dans la conception des politiques sociales brésiliennes, qui ont produit une grande division entre les insiders et les outsiders depuis les années 1930 et qui ont été introduits dans la période de transition vers la démocratie ; (ii) celle sous le suffrage universel, quand les conservateurs et les partis de gauche ont convergé autour des préférences des bénéficiaires de ces politiques, plus précisement, la politique du salaire minimum, de la santé et de l’éducation. Ces résultats défient le pouvoir explicatif de la théorie de l’électeur médian et de la force parlementaire de gauche. Au contraire, ils indiquent que des changements exogènes au système des politiques sociales ont introduit des politiques de redistribution sous une conjoncture critique qui, à son tour, ont donné lieu à des changements endogènes dans lesquels la concurrence politique a joué un rôle central.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbcsoc
                Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais
                Rev. bras. Ci. Soc.
                Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Ciências Sociais - ANPOCS (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0102-6909
                1806-9053
                2018
                : 33
                : 96
                : e339613
                Affiliations
                [1] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo Brazil arretche@ 123456usp.br.
                Article
                S0102-69092018000100508 S0102-6909(18)03309600508
                10.17666/339613/2018
                c88578ff-4edd-454e-a40b-1964b2ee5681

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 December 2016
                : 11 April 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 65, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Inequality,Social policies,Median Voter Theorem,Outsiders,Left-Wing parties,Partidos de esquerda,Teoria do eleitor mediano,Políticas sociais,Desigualdade,Politiques sociales,Théorie de l’électeur médian,Partis de gauche,Inégalité

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