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      Ubuntu as a valued capability for university students in South Africa Translated title: Ubuntu en tant que compétence valorisée pour les étudiants universitaires en Afrique du Sud

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          Abstract

          Universities in South Africa have the potential to advance various dimensions of human development, including well-being. However, this potential can be constrained by historical processes of oppression and the negation of indigenous ways of being and doing. Applying the capabilities approach (Sen, 1999) as a normative framework for the outcomes of university education in the South African context, we argue for a focus on the centrality of capabilities (real freedoms) in assessing how well universities are doing in supporting student well-being. We pay special attention to one capability which we see as architectonic for other freedoms, which is ubuntu. Although ubuntu is generally understood as a moral philosophy, in this article we articulate it as a valued capability in the space of higher education. Our argument is based on data collected through qualitative and participatory approaches in two longitudinal research projects that were carried out between 2016 and 2021 with undergraduate students in different South African universities. In the discussion of the findings, we explain how ubuntu underpins the ways students tend to relate to each other - as interdependent partners of a learning community, rather than as independent individuals who happen to be in the same learning environment. Building on these descriptions of deeply relational ways of being at university, ways that embrace an African indigenous worldview, we argue that creating the conditions for students to achieve the capability of ubuntu has decolonial potential.

          Translated abstract

          En Afrique du Sud, les universités ont le potentiel de promouvoir divers aspects du développement humain, notamment le bien-être. Cependant, ce potentiel peut être entravé par des facteurs d'oppression historiques et la negation des modes de vie et du savoir-faire autochtones. En appliquant l'approche des competences (Sen, 1999) en tant que cadre normatif pour les résultats de l'enseignement universitaire dans le contexte sud-africain, nous plaidons en faveur d'une focalisation sur la centralité des compétences (libertés réelles) dans l'évaluation de la manière dont les universités contribuent au bien-être des étudiants. Nous accordons une attention particuliere á une compétence que nous considérons comme architectonique d'autres libertés, á savoir l'Ubuntu. Bien que l'Ubuntu soit généralement compris comme une philosophie morale, dans cet article, nous le présentons en tant que competence valorisée dans l'espace de l'enseignement supérieur. Notre argumentation s'appuie sur des données recueillies au moyen d'approches qualitatives et participatives dans le cadre de deux projets de recherche longitudinaux menés entre 2016 et 2021 avec des étudiants de premier cycle dans différentes universités d'Afrique du Sud. Dans la discussion des résultats, nous expliquons comment l'Ubuntu sous-tend la manière dont les étudiants interagissent les uns avec les autres, en tant que partenaires interdépendants d'une même communauté d'apprentissage, plutöt qu'en tant qu'individus autonomes qui se retrouvent dans un même environnement d'apprentissage. En nous appuyant sur ces descriptions d'un mode de vie universitaire profondément relationnel qui embrasse une vision du monde autochtone africaine, nous soutenons que la création des conditions pour que les étudiants atteignent la compétence d'Ubuntu a un potentiel décolonial.

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          Compassion: an evolutionary analysis and empirical review.

          What is compassion? And how did it evolve? In this review, we integrate 3 evolutionary arguments that converge on the hypothesis that compassion evolved as a distinct affective experience whose primary function is to facilitate cooperation and protection of the weak and those who suffer. Our empirical review reveals compassion to have distinct appraisal processes attuned to undeserved suffering; distinct signaling behavior related to caregiving patterns of touch, posture, and vocalization; and a phenomenological experience and physiological response that orients the individual to social approach. This response profile of compassion differs from those of distress, sadness, and love, suggesting that compassion is indeed a distinct emotion. We conclude by considering how compassion shapes moral judgment and action, how it varies across different cultures, and how it may engage specific patterns of neural activation, as well as emerging directions of research. (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved.
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            Decolonisation of higher education: Dismantling epistemic violence and Eurocentrism in South Africa

            Since the end of the oppressive and racist apartheid system in 1994, epistemologies and knowledge systems at most South African universities have not considerably changed; they remain rooted in colonial, apartheid and Western worldviews and epistemological traditions. The curriculum remains largely Eurocentric and continues to reinforce white and Western dominance and privilege. This article traces the roots of Eurocentrism and epistemic violence at universities. The author argues that South Africa must tackle and dismantle the epistemic violence and hegemony of Eurocentrism, completely rethink, reframe and reconstruct the curriculum and place South Africa, Southern Africa and Africa at the centre of teaching, learning and research. However, this will not be easy as opposition to change is entrenched in the university structures. The movement to radically transform and decolonise higher education must find ways to hold institutions accountable and maintain the non-violent and intellectual struggle until epistemic violence and Eurocentrism are dismantled.
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              The African ethic ofUbuntu/Botho: implications for research on morality

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jsaa
                Journal of Student Affairs in Africa
                JSAA
                Journal of Student Affairs in Africa (Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa )
                2311-1771
                2307-6267
                2023
                : 11
                : 2
                : 17-33
                Affiliations
                [01] Bloemfontein orgnameUniversity of the Free State orgdiv1Higher Education and Human Development Research Programme South Africa MathebulaM@ 123456ufs.ac.za
                [02] orgnameLancaster University orgdiv1Centre for Social Justice and Wellbeing in Education orgdiv2Education and Social Justice United Kingdom C.Martinezvargas@ 123456lancaster.ac.uk
                Article
                S2307-62672023000200004 S2307-6267(23)01100200004
                10.24085/jsaa.v11i2.3624
                c74365a0-d61b-485d-8f8f-535bd9045b50

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 October 2023
                : 21 September 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO South Africa

                Categories
                Research Articles

                ubuntu,Capabilities,bien-être,well-being,student experience,higher education,Competences,enseignement supérieur,experience étudiante

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