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      The spleen: “epicenter” in malaria infection and immunity

      review-article
      Author(s): 1 , 2 ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Journal of Leukocyte Biology
      Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
      Keywords: T cells, B cells, Ab, cytokines, inflammation

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          Abstract

          The spleen is a complex secondary lymphoid organ that plays a crucial role in controlling blood‐stage infection with Plasmodium parasites. It is tasked with sensing and removing parasitized RBCs, erythropoiesis, the activation and differentiation of adaptive immune cells, and the development of protective immunity, all in the face of an intense inflammatory environment. This paper describes how these processes are regulated following infection and recognizes the gaps in our current knowledge, highlighting recent insights from human infections and mouse models.

          Graphical Abstract

          Reviews the spleen's function during malaria infection; shows how this organ serves as a central hub for activating and exerting effector mechanisms within the immune response to control blood‐stage infection with Plasmodium parasites.

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          Molecular and cellular insights into T cell exhaustion.

          E. John Wherry, Makoto Kurachi (2015)
          In chronic infections and cancer, T cells are exposed to persistent antigen and/or inflammatory signals. This scenario is often associated with the deterioration of T cell function: a state called 'exhaustion'. Exhausted T cells lose robust effector functions, express multiple inhibitory receptors and are defined by an altered transcriptional programme. T cell exhaustion is often associated with inefficient control of persisting infections and tumours, but revitalization of exhausted T cells can reinvigorate immunity. Here, we review recent advances that provide a clearer molecular understanding of T cell exhaustion and reveal new therapeutic targets for persisting infections and cancer.
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            Gamma-globulin and acquired immunity to human malaria.

            S. Cohen, I A McGregor, S Carrington (1961)
            Article 1 comments Cited 383 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              The generation of antibody-secreting plasma cells.

              Stephen L. Nutt, Philip D Hodgkin, David Tarlinton … (2015)
              The regulation of antibody production is linked to the generation and maintenance of plasmablasts and plasma cells from their B cell precursors. Plasmablasts are the rapidly produced and short-lived effector cells of the early antibody response, whereas plasma cells are the long-lived mediators of lasting humoral immunity. An extraordinary number of control mechanisms, at both the cellular and molecular levels, underlie the regulation of this essential arm of the immune response. Despite this complexity, the terminal differentiation of B cells can be described as a simple probabilistic process that is governed by a central gene-regulatory network and modified by environmental stimuli.
              Article 0 comments Cited 345 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Jason S. Stumhofer: jstumhofer@uams.edu
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Leukoc Biol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Leukoc Biol
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)1938-3673
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JLB
                Title: Journal of Leukocyte Biology
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Print): 0741-5400
                ISSN (Electronic): 1938-3673
                Publication date (Electronic): 19 January 2021
                Publication date (Print): October 2021
                Volume: 110
                Issue: 4 ( doiID: 10.1002/jlb.v110.4 )
                Pages: 753-769
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Pediatrics Stanford University Stanford California USA
                [ 2 ] Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Jason S. Stumhofer, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Room 521A, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.

                Email: jstumhofer@ 123456uams.edu

                Article
                Publisher ID: JLB10873
                DOI: 10.1002/JLB.4RI1020-713R
                PMC ID: 8518401
                PubMed ID: 33464668
                SO-VID: c6299daa-e440-4341-89e6-cf36f2a3794b
                Copyright © © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Leukocyte Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Leukocyte Biology
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                Date revision received : 10 December 2020
                Date received : 30 October 2020
                Date accepted : 11 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 0, Pages: 17, Words: 15908
                Categories
                Subject: Solicited Review
                Subject: Reviews
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                cover-date October 2021
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.0.8 mode:remove_FC converted:15.10.2021

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Hematology
                Keywords: t cells,b cells,ab,cytokines,inflammation
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Hematology
                Keywords: t cells, b cells, ab, cytokines, inflammation

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