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      The Future Agricultural Biogas Plant in Germany: A Vision

      , , , , , ,
      Energies
      MDPI AG

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          Abstract

          After nearly two decades of subsidized and energy crop-oriented development, agricultural biogas production in Germany is standing at a crossroads. Fundamental challenges need to be met. In this article we sketch a vision of a future agricultural biogas plant that is an integral part of the circular bioeconomy and works mainly on the base of residues. It is flexible with regard to feedstocks, digester operation, microbial communities and biogas output. It is modular in design and its operation is knowledge-based, information-driven and largely automated. It will be competitive with fossil energies and other renewable energies, profitable for farmers and plant operators and favorable for the national economy. In this paper we discuss the required contribution of research to achieve these aims.

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          The IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No 1 (ADM1)

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            Anaerobic digestion of food waste – Challenges and opportunities

            The disposal of large amounts of food waste has caused significant environmental pollution and financial costs globally. Compared with traditional disposal methods (i.e., landfilling, incineration, and composting), anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising technology for food waste management, but has not yet been fully applied due to a few technical and social challenges. This paper summarizes the quantity, composition, and methane potential of various types of food waste. Recent research on different strategies to enhance AD of food waste, including co-digestion, addition of micronutrients, control of foaming, and process design, is discussed. It is envisaged that AD of food waste could be combined with an existing AD facility or be integrated with the production of value-added products to reduce costs and increase revenue. Further understanding of the fundamental biological and physicochemical processes in AD is required to improve the technology.
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              Phylogenetically Novel Uncultured Microbial Cells Dominate Earth Microbiomes

              In the past few decades, it has become apparent that most of the microbial diversity on Earth has never been characterized in laboratory cultures. We show that these unknown microbes, sometimes called “microbial dark matter,” are numerically dominant in all major environments on Earth, with the exception of the human body, where most of the microbes have been cultured. We also estimate that about one-quarter of the population of microbial cells on Earth belong to phyla with no cultured relatives, suggesting that these never-before-studied organisms may be important for ecosystem functions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ENERGA
                Energies
                Energies
                MDPI AG
                1996-1073
                February 2019
                January 27 2019
                : 12
                : 3
                : 396
                Article
                10.3390/en12030396
                c5778b60-4cf2-48dc-88c8-17caa0dd4ea3
                © 2019

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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