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      La cirugía ortognática en el tratamiento del síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño Translated title: Orthognathic surgery in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: El síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño provoca somnolencia diurna; incide negativamente sobre el sistema cardiovascular y disminuye la calidad de vida. La cirugía ortognática provoca cambios en el espacio aéreo faríngeo, por lo que ha sido empleada en el tratamiento de dicho síndrome. Objetivo: Caracterizar las técnicas en cirugía ortognática más empleadas en el tratamiento del síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño, sus influencias sobre la vía aérea faríngea y efectividad terapéutica. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica desde diciembre del 2016 a junio del 2017 a través de los buscadores de información y plataformas SciELO, Medline, Pubmed y Hinari. Los descriptores empleados para la búsqueda fueron cirugía ortognática, síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño, vía aérea faríngea, avance máxilo mandibular y sus combinaciones. Se obtuvieron 127 artículos de los que se seleccionaron 28 por su contenido, actualidad y objetividad. Análisis e integración de la información: El adelanto quirúrgico del maxilar, mandíbula, mentón o sus combinaciones minimiza los efectos del síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño. Es recomendable la cirugía bimaxilar en la corrección de las clases III esqueletales para atenuar posibles efectos perjudiciales sobre la vía aérea por la retroposición mandibular aislada. Conclusiones: La cirugía ortognática de avance, incrementa el espacio faríngeo y mejora la calidad del sueño. Los movimientos de retroposición pueden tener efecto inverso, aspecto importante en la corrección de las clases III esqueletales.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome causes daytime sleepiness, affects the cardiovascular system and reduces the quality of life. Since orthognathic surgery brings about changes in the pharyngeal airway space, it has been used to treat this syndrome. Objective: Characterize the orthognathic surgery techniques most commonly used to treat obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, their impact on the pharyngeal airway and their therapeutic effectiveness. Methods: A bibliographic review was conducted from December 2016 to June 2017 using the search engines and platforms SciELO, Medline, Pubmed and Hinari. The search words used were orthognathic surgery, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, pharyngeal airway, maxillomandibular advancement, and combinations thereof. Of the 127 papers obtained, 28 were selected based on their content, topicality and objectivity. Data analysis and integration: Surgical advancement of the maxilla, mandible, chin or combinations thereof minimizes the effects of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Bimaxillary surgery is recommended to correct skeletal class III malocclusion so as to lessen potential damaging effects on the airway caused by isolated mandibular retroposition. Conclusions: Advancement orthognathic surgery broadens the pharyngeal airway space and improves the quality of sleep. The fact that retroposition movements may have an opposite effect is an important aspect to be considered in the correction of skeletal class III malocclusions.

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          Most cited references28

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          Effect of Head and Tongue Posture on the Pharyngeal Airway Dimensions and Morphology in Three-Dimensional Imaging: a Systematic Review

          ABSTRACT Objectives Natural head position is recommended to be optimal at cone-beam computed tomography acquisition. For standardization purposes in control of treatment outcome, it is clinically relevant to discuss, if a change of posture from natural head position may have an effect on the pharyngeal airway dimensions and morphology, during computed tomography, cone-beam computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging acquisition. This was the aim of the present literature review study for purposes of valid evidence, which was hypothesized, to be present. Material and Methods This systematic literature review has been registered in PROSPERO database with following number: CRD42015024567. A systematic literature search performed in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane was carried out in order to evaluate if the effect of human head or tongue posture has an effect on upper airway dimensions and morphology in CT, CBCT or MRI. Study quality assessment was performed. Predictor variable was head and tongue posture. Endpoints were numerical values of upper airway dimensions and morphology. Results Overall 1344 articles (Embase 1063, PubMed 269, and Cochrane 12) resulted in four included publications. Quality assessments revealed poor quality and low-level evidence by 46 - 67% of the maximum achievable score. Heterogeneous methodology made a meta-analysis impossible, consequently a narrative synthesis was performed. Conclusions Limited, poor quality and low evidence level literature is available on the effect of head posture on upper airway dimensions and morphology in three-dimensional imaging. Valid evidence requires a standardized method of head and tongue posture during image acquisition in future studies.
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            Linear and volumetric airway changes after maxillomandibular advancement for obstructive sleep apnea.

            Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgery is a well-established treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Although many studies have assessed the efficacy of MMA in treating OSA, very few studies have quantified the magnitude of its changes to airway morphology. Therefore, the present study investigated the linear and volumetric morphologic changes that occur in the pharyngeal airway after treatment of OSA using MMA.
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              Improved apnea-hypopnea index and lowest oxygen saturation after maxillomandibular advancement with or without counterclockwise rotation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis.

              This study investigated whether patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who undergo maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) with counterclockwise (CCW) rotation compared with those who undergo MMA without CCW rotation have better outcomes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                est
                Revista Cubana de Estomatología
                Rev Cubana Estomatol
                Editorial Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de La Habana, , Cuba )
                0034-7507
                1561-297X
                March 2020
                : 57
                : 1
                : e1644
                Affiliations
                [1] La Habana orgnameHospital Clínicoquirúrgico “Hermanos Ameijeiras” Cuba
                [2] La Habana orgnameInstituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía Cuba
                Article
                S0034-75072020000100012 S0034-7507(20)05700100012
                c4efe7e2-0b55-4bd7-9992-cef7faf3a9cb

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 April 2019
                : 29 August 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTICULOS DE REVISION

                cirugía ortognática,apnea del sueño,SAOS,orthognathic surgery,OSAS,volumen de la vía aérea,sleep apnea,airway volume

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