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      Quercetin, Epigallocatechin Gallate, Curcumin, and Resveratrol: From Dietary Sources to Human MicroRNA Modulation

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          Abstract

          Epidemiologic studies suggest that dietary polyphenol intake is associated with a lower incidence of several non-communicable diseases. Although several foods contain complex mixtures of polyphenols, numerous factors can affect their content. Besides the well-known capability of these molecules to act as antioxidants, they are able to interact with cell-signaling pathways, modulating gene expression, influencing the activity of transcription factors, and modulating microRNAs. Here we deeply describe four polyphenols used as nutritional supplements: quercetin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (ECGC), and curcumin, summarizing the current knowledge about them, spanning from dietary sources to the epigenetic capabilities of these compounds on microRNA modulation.

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          Benefits of polyphenols on gut microbiota and implications in human health.

          Fernando Cardona, Cristina Andres-Lacueva, Sara Tulipani … (2013)
          The biological properties of dietary polyphenols are greatly dependent on their bioavailability that, in turn, is largely influenced by their degree of polymerization. The gut microbiota play a key role in modulating the production, bioavailability and, thus, the biological activities of phenolic metabolites, particularly after the intake of food containing high-molecular-weight polyphenols. In addition, evidence is emerging on the activity of dietary polyphenols on the modulation of the colonic microbial population composition or activity. However, although the great range of health-promoting activities of dietary polyphenols has been widely investigated, their effect on the modulation of the gut ecology and the two-way relationship "polyphenols ↔ microbiota" are still poorly understood. Only a few studies have examined the impact of dietary polyphenols on the human gut microbiota, and most were focused on single polyphenol molecules and selected bacterial populations. This review focuses on the reciprocal interactions between the gut microbiota and polyphenols, the mechanisms of action and the consequences of these interactions on human health. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            Bioavailability of the Polyphenols: Status and Controversies

            Massimo D’Archivio, Carmelina Filesi, Rosaria Varì … (2010)
            The current interest in polyphenols has been driven primarily by epidemiological studies. However, to establish conclusive evidence for the effectiveness of dietary polyphenols in disease prevention, it is useful to better define the bioavailability of the polyphenols, so that their biological activity can be evaluated. The bioavailability appears to differ greatly among the various phenolic compounds, and the most abundant ones in our diet are not necessarily those that have the best bioavailability profile. In the present review, we focus on the factors influencing the bioavailability of the polyphenols. Moreover, a critical overview on the difficulties and the controversies of the studies on the bioavailability is discussed.
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              Curcumin and Cancer

              Antonio Giordano, Giuseppina Tommonaro (2019)
              Curcumin, a polyphenol extracted from Curcuma longa in 1815, has gained attention from scientists worldwide for its biological activities (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral), among which its anticancer potential has been the most described and still remains under investigation. The present review focuses on the cell signaling pathways involved in cancer development and proliferation, and which are targeted by curcumin. Curcumin has been reported to modulate growth factors, enzymes, transcription factors, kinase, inflammatory cytokines, and proapoptotic (by upregulation) and antiapoptotic (by downregulation) proteins. This polyphenol compound, alone or combined with other agents, could represent an effective drug for cancer therapy.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Susana M. Cardoso: Role: Academic Editor
                Alessia Fazio: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules
                Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules
                Title: Molecules
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049
                Publication date (Electronic): 23 December 2019
                Publication date Collection: January 2020
                Volume: 25
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: 63
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018–2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; erika.cione@ 123456unical.it (E.C.); latorre.chiara@ 123456libero.it (C.L.T.); r.cannataro@ 123456gmail.com (R.C.); mariacristinacaroleo@ 123456virgilio.it (M.C.C.); pierluigi.plastina@ 123456unical.it (P.P.)
                [2 ]Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: gallelli@ 123456unicz.it ; Tel.: +39-0961-712-322
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8534-4130
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-7902
                Article
                Publisher ID: molecules-25-00063
                DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010063
                PMC ID: 6983040
                PubMed ID: 31878082
                SO-VID: c3d4992e-1ee1-4e5b-9f15-4ef92814a6a5
                Copyright © © 2019 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 30 November 2019
                Date accepted : 20 December 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: nutrients,antioxidants,common use,phenolic compounds
                Data availability:
                Keywords: nutrients, antioxidants, common use, phenolic compounds

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