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      When Does Public Participation Make a Difference? Evidence From Iceland's Crowdsourced Constitution : Public Participation in Constitution Drafting in Iceland

      Policy & Internet
      Wiley

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          Most cited references28

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          Participatory Democracy Revisited

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            Replicating Experiments Using Aggregate and Survey Data: The Case of Negative Advertising and Turnout

            Experiments show significant demobilizing and alienating effects of negative advertising. Although internally valid, experiments may have limited external validity. Aggregate and survey data offer two ways of providing external validation for experiments. We show that survey recall measures of advertising exposure suffer from problems of internal validity due to simultaneity and measurement error, which bias estimated effects of ad exposure. We provide valid estimates of the causal effects of ad exposure for the NES surveys using instrumental variables and find that negative advertising causes lower turnout in the NES data. We also provide a careful statistical analysis of aggregate turnout data from the 1992 Senate elections that Wattenberg and Brians (1999) recommend. These aggregate data confirm our original findings. Experiments, surveys, and aggregate data all point to the same conclusion: Negative advertising demobilizes voters.
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              Democratic Theory and Public Opinion

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Policy & Internet
                Wiley
                19442866
                June 2018
                June 2018
                December 18 2017
                : 10
                : 2
                : 185-217
                Article
                10.1002/poi3.167
                c1f9f6a1-6de8-4b9d-91d9-7a4804cd6714
                © 2017

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

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