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      Isolation and characterization of multiple-stress tolerant bacteria from radon springs

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          Abstract

          Radon springs, characterized by their high concentrations of radon gas (Rn 222), are extreme environments with unique physicochemical conditions distinct from conventional aquatic ecosystems. Our research aimed to investigate microbial life in radon springs, focusing on isolating extremophilic bacteria and assessing their resistance to adverse conditions. Our study revealed the prevalence of Actinomycetia species in the radon spring environment. We conducted various tests to evaluate the resistance of these isolates to oxidative stress, irradiation, desiccation, and metal ion content. These extremophilic bacteria showed overall higher resistance to these stresses compared to control strains. Lipidomic analysis was also employed to provide insights into the adaptive mechanisms of these bacteria which were found mainly in the correlations among individual clusters and changes in content of fatty acids (FA) as well as differences between content and type of FAs of environmental isolates and type strains.

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          MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms.

          The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (Mega) software implements many analytical methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. Here, we report a transformation of Mega to enable cross-platform use on Microsoft Windows and Linux operating systems. Mega X does not require virtualization or emulation software and provides a uniform user experience across platforms. Mega X has additionally been upgraded to use multiple computing cores for many molecular evolutionary analyses. Mega X is available in two interfaces (graphical and command line) and can be downloaded from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
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            A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

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              Uptake and synthesis of compatible solutes as microbial stress responses to high-osmolality environments.

              All microorganisms possess a positive turgor, and maintenance of this outward-directed pressure is essential since it is generally considered as the driving force for cell expansion. Exposure of microorganisms to high-osmolality environments triggers rapid fluxes of cell water along the osmotic gradient out of the cell, thus causing a reduction in turgor and dehydration of the cytoplasm. To counteract the outflow of water, microorganisms increase their intracellular solute pool by amassing large amounts of organic osmolytes, the so-called compatible solutes. These osmoprotectants are highly congruous with the physiology of the cell and comprise a limited number of substances including the disaccharide trehalose, the amino acid proline, and the trimethylammonium compound glycine betaine. The intracellular amassing of compatible solutes as an adaptive strategy to high-osmolality environments is evolutionarily well-conserved in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Furthermore, the nature of the osmolytes that are accumulated during water stress is maintained across the kingdoms, reflecting fundamental constraints on the kind of solutes that are compatible with macromolecular and cellular functions. Generally, compatible solutes can be amassed by microorganisms through uptake and synthesis. Here we summarise the molecular mechanisms of compatible solute accumulation in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, model organisms for the gram-negative and gram-positive branches of bacteria.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: Methodology
                Role: Formal analysisRole: Methodology
                Role: Formal analysis
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Supervision
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                PLOS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                7 March 2024
                2024
                : 19
                : 3
                : e0299532
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
                [2 ] Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
                Alagappa University, VIET NAM
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9086-689X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0852-9841
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2462-390X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-9738
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8704-9645
                Article
                PONE-D-23-36663
                10.1371/journal.pone.0299532
                10919644
                38451953
                c1824d0d-8a40-49d5-a287-3ec9b7270873
                © 2024 Timkina et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 6 November 2023
                : 13 February 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 8, Tables: 2, Pages: 25
                Funding
                The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Physical Sciences
                Chemistry
                Chemical Elements
                Radon
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Lipids
                Fatty Acids
                Physical Sciences
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                Nuclear Physics
                Radiation
                Gamma Radiation
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Lipids
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Animal Studies
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                Escherichia
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                Research and Analysis Methods
                Animal Studies
                Experimental Organism Systems
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                Physical sciences
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                Electromagnetic radiation
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                Computer and Information Sciences
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