A Crafty Approach for Learning the Topographical Anatomy of the Cranial Nerves

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Abstract

Certain neuroanatomical relationships can be complex for students to visualise and understand. This article describes creation of a simple and cheap model to help students more easily learn the relationships of the cranial nerves to each other and to the different regions of the central nervous system (forebrain and brainstem).

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The Power of Testing Memory: Basic Research and Implications for Educational Practice.

Henry L. Roediger, Jeffrey D Karpicke (2016)

A powerful way of improving one's memory for material is to be tested on that material. Tests enhance later retention more than additional study of the material, even when tests are given without feedback. This surprising phenomenon is called the testing effect, and although it has been studied by cognitive psychologists sporadically over the years, today there is a renewed effort to learn why testing is effective and to apply testing in educational settings. In this article, we selectively review laboratory studies that reveal the power of testing in improving retention and then turn to studies that demonstrate the basic effects in educational settings. We also consider the related concepts of dynamic testing and formative assessment as other means of using tests to improve learning. Finally, we consider some negative consequences of testing that may occur in certain circumstances, though these negative effects are often small and do not cancel out the large positive effects of testing. Frequent testing in the classroom may boost educational achievement at all levels of education.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Lisa Quinn:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9094-5256

lmq3@le.ac.uk

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Med Sci Educ

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Med Sci Educ

Title: Medical Science Educator

Publisher: Springer US (New York )

ISSN (Electronic): 2156-8650

Publication date (Electronic): 4 March 2022

Publication date PMC-release: 4 March 2022

Publication date Collection: April 2022

Volume: 32

Issue: 2

Pages: 279-281

Affiliations

GRID grid.9918.9, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8411, Leicester Medical School, , The University of Leicester, ; Lancaster Road LE 1 7HA, George Davies Centre, UK

Author information

Lisa Quinn http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9094-5256

Article

Publisher ID: 1529

DOI: 10.1007/s40670-022-01529-6

PMC ID: 9054994

PubMed ID: 35528297

SO-VID: be9cc790-12d9-4d0e-ba7a-57afd5bfb6a2

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date accepted : 24 February 2022

Custom metadata

issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to International Association of Medical Science Educators 2022

Keywords: cost-effective,anatomical education,cranial nerves,brainstem,teaching methods,neuroanatomy

Data availability:

Keywords: cost-effective, anatomical education, cranial nerves, brainstem, teaching methods, neuroanatomy

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