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      Internetnutzungsstörungen unter deutschen Jugendlichen vor und während der COVID-19-Pandemie

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          Abstract

          Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Internetnutzungszeiten von Jugendlichen sind während der COVID-19-Pandemie stark angestiegen. Dies wird auch mit einer Zunahme an Internetnutzungsstörungen in Verbindung gebracht. Fragestellung: Anhand eines ipsativen Vergleichs wurde untersucht, ob mit der gestiegenen Online-Zeit während der COVID-19-Pandemie auch die schädliche und abhängige Internetnutzung bei Jugendlichen zugenommen hat. Methode: 743 Jugendliche aus acht weiterführenden Schulen in der Metropolregion Rhein-Neckar wurden in zwei Wellen (2015/2016 und 2021) mit der Compulsive Internet Use Scale untersucht. Ergebnisse: Sowohl die Symptomschwere als auch die Prävalenz der abhängigen Internetnutzung nahmen signifikant über die Zeit zu. Die Symptombelastung korrelierte außerdem negativ mit der Lebensqualität. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Es wird diskutiert, wie dem erhöhten Versorgungsbedarf mit verhältnis- und verhaltenspräventiven Maßnahmen und therapeutischen Angeboten begegnet werden kann.

          Internet Use Disorders Among German Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

          Abstract. Theoretical background: Several studies indicate that the level of adolescents’ time spent online increased sharply during the lockdown measures in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Initial studies also link this to an increase in Internet use disorders. Objective: Using an ipsative comparison, the present study examined whether Internet use disorders and symptoms of problematic Internet use increased among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and how this is related to quality of life. Method: For this purpose, we examined 743 (unselected) adolescents from eight secondary schools (26 classes) in the Rhine-Neckar metropolitan region in two waves using the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS). The first wave (t1, n = 507; M Age= 15.7, SD Age = 1.8, female = 49 %) was collected between July 2015 and October 2016. The second wave (t2, n = 236, M Age = 15.3, SD Age = 2.3, female = 54 %) was studied in the same schools and grade levels (also 26 classes) from July to December 2021. Results: There was a significant increase in symptom severity of Internet use disorders. The CIUS mean score increased from M = 15.8 to M = 19.3 points ( M diff = –3.5 points, 95 % KI [–4.9, -2.1], p < .001, partial η² = .03. The prevalence of addictive Internet use doubled from 7.1 % before to 14.8 % during the pandemic ( p = .002). Hazardous Internet use did not increase significantly (13.8 % at t1 vs. 15.7 % at t2, p = .749). In contrast, normal Internet use decreased by 10 % from 79.1 % to 69.5 % ( p = .006). Symptom severity was also moderately negatively correlated with quality of life, which is below the normal range in individuals with addictive Internet use. Discussion and Conclusion: The extent to which the increase in Internet use disorders is attributable to exposure during the COVID-19 pandemic is debatable. Nevertheless, the results do indicate an increased need for care among adolescents. Situational prevention interventions should therefore be expanded and implemented. The subsequent implementation of evidence-based behavioral prevention and early intervention programs should be promoted as well as facilitation of access to therapeutic services.

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          Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses.

          G*Power is a free power analysis program for a variety of statistical tests. We present extensions and improvements of the version introduced by Faul, Erdfelder, Lang, and Buchner (2007) in the domain of correlation and regression analyses. In the new version, we have added procedures to analyze the power of tests based on (1) single-sample tetrachoric correlations, (2) comparisons of dependent correlations, (3) bivariate linear regression, (4) multiple linear regression based on the random predictor model, (5) logistic regression, and (6) Poisson regression. We describe these new features and provide a brief introduction to their scope and handling.
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            The Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS): some psychometric properties.

            The present study aimed to develop a short, easily administered, psychometrically sound, and valid instrument to assess the severity of compulsive Internet use. A set of criteria was determined based on the addiction literature. Next, the internal consistency and convergent validity were determined, and the set was tested as a one-factor solution in two representative samples of heavy Internet users (n = 447 and n = 229) and in one large convenience sample of regular Internet users (n = 16,925). In these three studies, respondents were asked about their online behavior and about problems related to Internet use. In the first study, the Online Cognition Scale (OCS) was included to determine concurrent validity. The newly developed Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) contains 14 items ratable on a 5-point Likert scale. The instrument showed good factorial stability across time and across different samples and subsamples. The internal consistency is high, and high correlations with concurrent and criterion variables demonstrate good validity.
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              Problematic online gaming and the COVID-19 pandemic

              Stay-at-home mandates and quarantines related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic have led to greatly increased participation in online gaming. Initiatives such as #PlayApartTogether that promote gaming for socializing and stress reduction may achieve positive outcomes. Although gaming can be a healthy coping strategy for the majority, it can also pose risks to some vulnerable individuals. Protracted periods of social isolation and technology-based activity pose the danger of solidifying unhealthy lifestyle patterns, leading to difficulties to readaptation when the COVID-19 crisis has passed. Balanced and effective approaches to gaming during the COVID-19 pandemic are needed to support physical and psychological wellbeing.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                kie
                Kindheit und Entwicklung
                Hogrefe Verlag, Göttingen
                0942-5403
                2190-6246
                October 2022
                : 31
                : 4 , Schwerpunkt: Risiken und Chancen der Digitalisierung
                : 193-199
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Abteilung Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapie, Institut für Psychologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
                Author notes
                Prof. Dr. Katajun Lindenberg, Abteilung Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Varrentrappstraße 40 – 42, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland, E-Mail lindenberg@ 123456psych.uni-frankfurt.de
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-3914
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7415-9856
                Article
                kie_31_4_193
                10.1026/0942-5403/a000390
                bdffcd87-bd9b-4745-8065-e4a25e27938e
                Distributed as a Hogrefe OpenMind article under the license CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

                Distributed as a Hogrefe OpenMind article under the license CC BY 4.0 ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

                History
                Funding
                Förderung: Open Access-Veröffentlichung ermöglicht durch die Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg .
                Categories
                Studie

                Psychology,Family & Child studies,Development studies,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Internet use disorders,Internetnutzungsstörungen,Computerspielstörung,gaming disorder,adolescents,Lebensqualität,quality of life,Jugendliche,COVID-19

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