14
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Psychological Stress In First Year Medical Students In Response To The Dissection Of A Human Corpse Translated title: Psychische Belastungen durch die Dissektion am Leichnam im anatomischen Präparierkurs bei Erstsemestern des Studienfachs Medizin

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Objectives: Gross anatomy is one of the most important and time consuming subjects in the first preclinical part of medical school in Germany. In October 2007 186 students started the dissection course at Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg. The objective of this study is to analyze the emotional aspect relating to the gross anatomy course. In order to address this issue, we investigated how medical students experience the first confrontation and the following exposure to the dead bodies and whether there are any differences between various groups (age, gender, experience) of students.

          Methods: The study was carried out with a group of 155 first year medical students (112 female, 43 male, 21.4±2.9 years). Self-composed questionnaires were used to distinguish between concerns related to dissection and individual experiences and anxiety because of deceasing or death. In order to detect the changes of attitudes towards the dissection course, one questionnaire was answered by participants in the beginning of the course and one in the end (n=94, 66 female, 28 male). Additionally, personality traits of the students were analyzed using two scales of the “Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar (FPI-R)”.

          Results: The self-composed questionnaires showed high reliability. For some students dissection was emotional stress; about 50% became anxious when coping the first confrontation, however, only 12% to large extent. Concerning the anxiety of dissection of individual body parts it was less for limbs, internal organs and skin and increased for head and genitals. Although hypothesized before, the correlation between age, extraversion, emotionality and the extent of anxiety were small. Almost 90% of the students approve the early beginning of the gross anatomy course. The follow-up study showed a marked decline of anxiety.

          Conclusion: Our results show that about 50% of the students started the course with emotional stress and about one-tenth of them were very worried about the confrontation with corpses. Furthermore, personality tests were shown to be only partly reliable for selecting affected people in advance. With regard to these results capabilities to provide support to the first year medical students should be discussed.

          Translated abstract

          Ziel der Studie: Das Fachgebiet der Anatomie ist eines der wichtigsten und lernintensivsten Fächer im vorklinischen Studienabschnitt eines Medizinstudierenden. An der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität in Magdeburg stellten sich im Oktober 2007 186 Studierende, davon 126 weiblich und 60 männlich, der Begegnung mit der anatomischen Dissektion von Verstorbenen. Das Ziel dieser Studie ist es, herauszufinden welche Rolle der emotionale Aspekt im Bezug auf diesen Kurs spielt. Es wurde untersucht, wie die Studierenden die erste Konfrontation und den weiteren Umgang mit den Präparaten von Verstorbenen subjektiv wahrnehmen und verarbeiten und inwieweit diesbezügliche Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Gruppen (Alter, Geschlecht, Vorerfahrung) aufzufinden sind.

          Methoden: Die Studie wurde an 155 Erstsemestern durchgeführt (112 w, 43 m; 21,4±2,9 J.). Es wurden selbstkonstruierte Fragebögen benutzt, die schwerpunktmäßig Befürchtungen hinsichtlich des anatomischen Präparierkurses erfragen und mit Erfahrungen hinsichtlich des Sterbens und eigenen Ängsten vor dem Tod verglichen. Es wurde je ein Fragebogen zu Beginn des ersten Semesters und nach dem ersten Semester ausgehändigt (n=94, 66 w, 28 m), um Entwicklungen und Veränderungen erkennen zu können. Zur Erfassung der Persönlichkeitseigenschaften wurde außerdem zwei Skalen aus dem Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar (FPI-R) vorgelegt.

          Ergebnisse: Der selbstentwickelte Fragebogen zeigte hohe Reliabilität. Der Präparierkurs stellte für einige Studierende eine subjektive psychische Belastung dar; rund 50% hatten sich Sorgen gemacht, wie sie die erste Begegnung vertragen, allerdings nur 12% in einem wirklich schweren Ausmaß. Die Korrelationen zwischen Alter, Extraversion, Emotionalität und dem Ausmaß der Befürchtungen waren entgegen bestehender Hypothesen nur gering. Annähernd 90% der Studierenden fanden es dennoch sinnvoll, schon im ersten Semester mit dem Präparieren zu beginnen. Die Verlaufsuntersuchung zwischen erster und zweiter Befragung zeigte einen deutlichen Rückgang dieser Befürchtungen.

          Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass rund 50% der Studierenden mit Befürchtungen an diesen Kurs herangegangen sind, hiervon haben sich rund ein Zehntel der Studierenden im Vorfeld zum Präparierkurs erhebliche Sorgen über die Begegnung mit den Leichen gemacht. Persönlichkeitstests eignen sich nur eingeschränkt, um die Betroffenen im Vorfeld herauszufiltern. Im Hinblick dieser Ergebnisse sollte über Möglichkeiten diskutiert werden, wie man die Erstsemester sinnvoll und unterstützend auf den Kurs vorbereiten kann.

          Related collections

          Most cited references20

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Dissection as a modulator of emotional attitudes and reactions of future health professionals.

          There is ongoing discussion within the medical education community about dissection as an educational strategy and as a professional training tool in technical and emotional skills training. This study aimed to discover the emotional reactions, attitudes and beliefs of new students faced with human cadaver dissection; to evaluate the changes produced in these variables by the exhibition and practice of dissection; to analyse the level of anxiety students feel when faced with death, and to elucidate the possible relationships between these items. The study used a sample of 425 students who were first-time enrolees in a human anatomy course. Three new instruments were designed, with items covering emotional reactions (cognitive, physiological and motor reactions), beliefs and attitudes related to what the student expects to experience or has experienced in dissection. Death anxiety was measured using the Death Anxiety Inventory. As students gained more experience of dissection, their emotional reactions were reduced and their attitudes and beliefs changed. Statistically significant differences in the level of death anxiety emerged, depending on the perceptions students had of their degree of preparation for dissection, and emotional control and deeper thoughts about life and death during dissection. The practice of anatomy allows the student to learn how to face up to and adapt his or her emotional reactions and attitudes; this gives human cadaver dissection great importance as an educational strategy and as a professional training tool in technical and emotional skills training.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Help of third-year medical students decreases first-year medical students' negative psychological reactions on the first day of gross anatomy dissection.

            The assistance of third-year medical students (MS3) may be an easy, inexpensive, educational method to decrease physical and emotional stress among first-year medical students (MS1) on the first day of gross anatomy dissection. In the academic years 2000-2001 and 2001-2002, a questionnaire on the emotional and physical reactions on the first day of dissection was distributed to 84 MS1 at Mayo Medical School (Rochester, MN); 74 (88%) responded. Student perceptions were assessed on a 5-point Likert scale. The 42 second-year medical students (MS2) whose first academic year was 1999-2000 were used as a control group, because they had not had assistance from MS3. MS2 completed the same questionnaire (59% response rate). Data were collected from MS1 on the day of their first gross anatomy dissection. The most frequent reactions were headache, disgust, grief or sadness, and feeling light-headed. Significant differences (alpha < 0.05) were found with use of the chi(2) test to compare the emotional and physical reactions of MS1 and MS2. MS1 had significantly fewer physical reactions (64% vs. 88%), reporting lower levels of anxiety (23% vs. 48%), headache (14% vs. 36%), disgust (9% vs. 20%), feeling light-headed (11% vs. 24%), and reaction to the smell of the cadaver and laboratory (8% vs. 52%). MS1 commented that having MS3 at the dissection table was extremely helpful. They relied less on their peers and felt they learned more efficiently about the dissection techniques and anatomical structures. Using MS3 as assistants is one method to reduce fear and anxiety on the first day of gross anatomy dissection. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Student responses to the gross anatomy laboratory in a medical curriculum.

              Working with cadavers, whether through active dissection or by examination of prosected specimens, constitutes a potential stressor in medical education although there is no consensus on its effect. Some reports have suggested that it creates such a strongly negative experience that it warrants special curricular attention. To assess the issue for ourselves, we administered surveys to the freshman medical students taking the Anatomical Sciences course in the problem-based Alternative Curriculum (A.C.) at Rush Medical College for four consecutive years. We found that although a vast majority of students expressed a positive attitude toward the experience, both before and after taking the course, there remains a small percentage of students for whom human dissection may initially be a traumatic experience. We offer explanations for our findings, comments on disparate results from other studies and suggestions for appropriate responses by anatomy faculty, who must address these student needs. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                GMS Z Med Ausbild
                GMS Z Med Ausbild
                GMS Zeitschrift für Medizinische Ausbildung
                German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
                1860-7446
                1860-3572
                15 February 2012
                2012
                : 29
                : 1
                : Doc12
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Sana Ohre-Klinikum, Haldensleben, Deutschland
                [2 ]Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Institut für Anatomie, Magdeburg, Deutschland
                [3 ]Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Abt. für Med. Psychologie & Soziologie, Göttingen, Deutschland
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Erich Kasten, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Abt. für Med. Psychologie & Soziologie, Waldweg 37, 37073 Göttingen, Deutschland, Tel.: +49 (0)551/39-6488, Fax: +49 (0)511/39-8194, E-mail: erikasten@ 123456aol.com
                Article
                zma000782 Doc12 urn:nbn:de:0183-zma0007821
                10.3205/zma000782
                3296105
                22403597
                baf7e740-c254-4fb1-985f-403ee1771844
                Copyright © 2012 Bernhardt et al.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.en). You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 05 July 2011
                : 04 October 2011
                : 26 September 2011
                Categories
                Article

                Medicine
                dissection,gross anatomy,emotional stress,students
                Medicine
                dissection, gross anatomy, emotional stress, students

                Comments

                Comment on this article