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      If you can't stand the heat, get out of the kitchen! Notes on the influence of temperature on the nesting of social wasps Translated title: Si no puedes soportar el calor, ¡sal de la cocina! Notas sobre la influencia de la temperatura en el anidamiento de avispas sociales

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          Abstract

          Abstract For social wasps, the selection of the nesting substrate represents the success or failure of the colony, and temperature is a determining factor for this selection. With the increase in global temperature due to climate change, it is essential to understand how temperature actually interferes in the selection of the foundation site of social wasp colonies. Here, we describe a curious nest founding strategy on a rocky outcrop in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Social wasps selected the lighter areas of the outcrop where they had greater success in developing their colonies. These lighter areas absorb less heat and had a lower average temperature when compared to darker areas.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Para avispas sociales, la selección del sustrato de anidación representa el éxito o fracaso de la colonia, y la temperatura es un factor determinante para esta selección. Con el aumento de la temperatura global debido al cambio climático, es esencial entender cómo la temperatura interfiere realmente en la selección del sitio de fundación de las colonias de avispas sociales. Aquí se describe una curiosa estrategia de fundación de nidos en un afloramiento rocoso en el estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Las avispas sociales seleccionaron las áreas más claras del afloramiento donde tuvieron mayor éxito en el desarrollo de sus colonias. Estas áreas más claras absorven menos calor y tenían una temperatura promedio más baja en comparación con las áreas más oscuras.

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          Most cited references13

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          Impacts of climate warming on terrestrial ectotherms across latitude.

          The impact of anthropogenic climate change on terrestrial organisms is often predicted to increase with latitude, in parallel with the rate of warming. Yet the biological impact of rising temperatures also depends on the physiological sensitivity of organisms to temperature change. We integrate empirical fitness curves describing the thermal tolerance of terrestrial insects from around the world with the projected geographic distribution of climate change for the next century to estimate the direct impact of warming on insect fitness across latitude. The results show that warming in the tropics, although relatively small in magnitude, is likely to have the most deleterious consequences because tropical insects are relatively sensitive to temperature change and are currently living very close to their optimal temperature. In contrast, species at higher latitudes have broader thermal tolerance and are living in climates that are currently cooler than their physiological optima, so that warming may even enhance their fitness. Available thermal tolerance data for several vertebrate taxa exhibit similar patterns, suggesting that these results are general for terrestrial ectotherms. Our analyses imply that, in the absence of ameliorating factors such as migration and adaptation, the greatest extinction risks from global warming may be in the tropics, where biological diversity is also greatest.
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            Pest Control Potential of Social Wasps in Small Farms and Urban Gardens

            In environments undergoing constant transformation due to human action, such as deforestation and urbanization, the emergence of pests has become a challenge for agriculture and human welfare. In Brazil, over a thousand tonnes of pesticides are used annually, causing serious environmental damage such as the decline of insect populations. It is necessary to search for control alternatives in order to reduce the environmental impact caused by insecticides. This review aims to describe the use of social wasps as agents of biological control, focusing on the perspectives of their use in small farms and urban gardens, and to discuss the benefits of using this method. Studies have shown that 90–95% of the prey captured by wasps in small crops is made of leaf-eating caterpillars. In urban gardens, wasps diversify their prey, among which potential disease vectors, such as dipterans, stand out. We outline techniques for managing social wasp colonies in small farm and urban garden settings, including the use of artificial shelters. Among the advantages of using wasps as control agents, we highlight the practicality of the method, the low operational cost, the absence of prey resistance and the decrease of the use of insecticides.
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              Climate Change Impact on Neotropical Social Wasps

              Establishing a direct link between climate change and fluctuations in animal populations through long-term monitoring is difficult given the paucity of baseline data. We hypothesized that social wasps are sensitive to climatic variations, and thus studied the impact of ENSO events on social wasp populations in French Guiana. We noted that during the 2000 La Niña year there was a 77.1% decrease in their nest abundance along ca. 5 km of forest edges, and that 70.5% of the species were no longer present. Two simultaneous 13-year surveys (1997–2009) confirmed the decrease in social wasps during La Niña years (2000 and 2006), while an increase occurred during the 2009 El Niño year. A 30-year weather survey showed that these phenomena corresponded to particularly high levels of rainfall, and that temperature, humidity and global solar radiation were correlated with rainfall. Using the Self-Organizing Map algorithm, we show that heavy rainfall during an entire rainy season has a negative impact on social wasps. Strong contrasts in rainfall between the dry season and the short rainy season exacerbate this effect. Social wasp populations never recovered to their pre-2000 levels. This is probably because these conditions occurred over four years; heavy rainfall during the major rainy seasons during four other years also had a detrimental effect. On the contrary, low levels of rainfall during the major rainy season in 2009 spurred an increase in social wasp populations. We conclude that recent climatic changes have likely resulted in fewer social wasp colonies because they have lowered the wasps' resistance to parasitoids and pathogens. These results imply that Neotropical social wasps can be regarded as bio-indicators because they highlight the impact of climatic changes not yet perceptible in plants and other animals.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rche
                Revista chilena de entomología
                Rev. chil. entomol.
                Sociedad Chilena de Entomología (Santiago, , Chile )
                0034-740X
                0718-8994
                June 2024
                : 50
                : 2
                : 135-138
                Affiliations
                [1] Manaus Amazonas orgnameInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Brazil
                [2] Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Brazil
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-5199
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-6239
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-8815
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1179-9279
                Article
                S0718-89942024000200135 S0718-8994(24)05000200135
                10.35249/rche.50.2.24.03
                baf41ab7-2f5d-4a96-acb2-502268d30efe

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 February 2024
                : 04 April 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 13, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)

                Polistinae,termorregulación,Climate change,thermoregulation,Vespidae,Cambio climático

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