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      COVID, resilience, and the built environment

      research-article
      Environment Systems & Decisions
      Springer US
      COVID-19, Resilience, Disaster resilience, Community resilience, Built environment, Housing

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          Abstract

          This article provides a perspective on the reciprocal relationships between public and private sector resilience planning activities and the ongoing COVID responses in the U.S. Through the lens of the built environment, this article provides selected insights into how various disaster, organizational, and engineering resilience activities have likely positively shaped COVID responses within the healthcare sector. These positive influences are contextualized within extensive efforts within public health and healthcare management to calibrate community resilience frameworks and practices for utilization in everything from advancing community health to the continuity of facilities operations. Thereafter, the article shifts focus to speculate on how ongoing experiences under COVID might yield positive impacts for future resilience designs, plans and policies within housing and the built environment. Through this perspective, the article hopes to explore those often overlooked aspects of the physical and social parameters of the built environment that may be understood as providing opportunities to inform future disaster, public health, and climate change preparations and responses.

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          Most cited references36

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          The deadly coronaviruses: The 2003 SARS pandemic and the 2020 novel coronavirus epidemic in China

          The 2019-nCoV is officially called SARS-CoV-2 and the disease is named COVID-19. This viral epidemic in China has led to the deaths of over 1800 people, mostly elderly or those with an underlying chronic disease or immunosuppressed state. This is the third serious Coronavirus outbreak in less than 20 years, following SARS in 2002–2003 and MERS in 2012. While human strains of Coronavirus are associated with about 15% of cases of the common cold, the SARS-CoV-2 may present with varying degrees of severity, from flu-like symptoms to death. It is currently believed that this deadly Coronavirus strain originated from wild animals at the Huanan market in Wuhan, a city in Hubei province. Bats, snakes and pangolins have been cited as potential carriers based on the sequence homology of CoV isolated from these animals and the viral nucleic acids of the virus isolated from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Extreme quarantine measures, including sealing off large cities, closing borders and confining people to their homes, were instituted in January 2020 to prevent spread of the virus, but by that time much of the damage had been done, as human-human transmission became evident. While these quarantine measures are necessary and have prevented a historical disaster along the lines of the Spanish flu, earlier recognition and earlier implementation of quarantine measures may have been even more effective. Lessons learned from SARS resulted in faster determination of the nucleic acid sequence and a more robust quarantine strategy. However, it is clear that finding an effective antiviral and developing a vaccine are still significant challenges. The costs of the epidemic are not limited to medical aspects, as the virus has led to significant sociological, psychological and economic effects globally. Unfortunately, emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has led to numerous reports of Asians being subjected to racist behavior and hate crimes across the world.
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            COVID-19 as a factor influencing air pollution?

            Highlights • Longer-chain perfluoroalkyl substances strongly inhibited carboxylesterase. • The higher binding affinity caused more severe inhibition. • Inhibition kinetics was studied, and in vitro-in vivo extrapolation was performed.
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              A review of definitions and measures of system resilience

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                jkeenan@tulane.edu
                Journal
                Environ Syst Decis
                Environ Syst Decis
                Environment Systems & Decisions
                Springer US (New York )
                2194-5403
                2194-5411
                14 May 2020
                : 1-6
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.265219.b, ISNI 0000 0001 2217 8588, School of Architecture, , Tulane University, ; New Orleans, USA
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4058-1682
                Article
                9773
                10.1007/s10669-020-09773-0
                7220848
                32412522
                b9f76249-7d37-4c00-86c1-b6a9696294ea
                © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

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                covid-19,resilience,disaster resilience,community resilience,built environment,housing

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