SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces mucosal antibody responses in previously infected individuals

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Abstract

Immune responses at the respiratory mucosal interface are critical to prevent respiratory infections but it is unclear to what extent antigen specific mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies are induced by mRNA vaccination in humans. Here we analyze paired serum and saliva samples from patients with and without prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at multiple time points pre and post severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccination. Our results suggest mucosal SIgA responses induced by mRNA vaccination are impacted by pre-existing immunity. Indeed, vaccination induced a minimal mucosal SIgA response in individuals without pre-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 while SIgA induction after vaccination was more efficient in patients with a history of COVID-19.

Abstract

Prior exposure to infectious agents can impact the vaccination induced immune response. Here the authors show prior SARS-CoV-2 infection results in more efficient induction of mucosal SARS-CoV-2 secretory IgA antibody following mRNA vaccination.

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Anomalous collapses of Nares Strait ice arches leads to enhanced export of Arctic sea ice

G. Moore, S. Howell, M. Brady … (2021)

The ice arches that usually develop at the northern and southern ends of Nares Strait play an important role in modulating the export of Arctic Ocean multi-year sea ice. The Arctic Ocean is evolving towards an ice pack that is younger, thinner, and more mobile and the fate of its multi-year ice is becoming of increasing interest. Here, we use sea ice motion retrievals from Sentinel-1 imagery to report on the recent behavior of these ice arches and the associated ice fluxes. We show that the duration of arch formation has decreased over the past 20 years, while the ice area and volume fluxes along Nares Strait have both increased. These results suggest that a transition is underway towards a state where the formation of these arches will become atypical with a concomitant increase in the export of multi-year ice accelerating the transition towards a younger and thinner Arctic ice pack.

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A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans

Fatima Amanat, Daniel Stadlbauer, Shirin Strohmeier … (2020)

Here, we describe a serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the screening and identification of human SARS-CoV-2 seroconverters. This assay does not require the handling of infectious virus, can be adjusted to detect different antibody types in serum and plasma and is amenable to scaling. Serological assays are of critical importance to help define previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in populations, identify highly reactive human donors for convalescent plasma therapy and investigate correlates of protection.

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Longitudinal observation and decline of neutralizing antibody responses in the three months following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans

Jeffrey Seow, Carl Graham, Blair Merrick … (2020)

Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in most infected individuals 10-15 d after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. However, due to the recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in the human population, it is not known how long antibody responses will be maintained or whether they will provide protection from reinfection. Using sequential serum samples collected up to 94 d post onset of symptoms (POS) from 65 individuals with real-time quantitative PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, we show seroconversion (immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgA, IgG) in >95% of cases and neutralizing antibody responses when sampled beyond 8 d POS. We show that the kinetics of the neutralizing antibody response is typical of an acute viral infection, with declining neutralizing antibody titres observed after an initial peak, and that the magnitude of this peak is dependent on disease severity. Although some individuals with high peak infective dose (ID50 > 10,000) maintained neutralizing antibody titres >1,000 at >60 d POS, some with lower peak ID50 had neutralizing antibody titres approaching baseline within the follow-up period. A similar decline in neutralizing antibody titres was observed in a cohort of 31 seropositive healthcare workers. The present study has important implications when considering widespread serological testing and antibody protection against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, and may suggest that vaccine boosters are required to provide long-lasting protection.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Florian Krammer:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4121-776X

florian.krammer@mssm.edu

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nat Commun

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nat Commun

Title: Nature Communications

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 2041-1723

Publication date (Electronic): 1 September 2022

Publication date PMC-release: 1 September 2022

Publication date Collection: 2022

Volume: 13

Electronic Location Identifier: 5135

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, Department of Microbiology, , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, ; New York, NY USA

[2 ]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, ; New York, NY USA

[3 ]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, ; New York, NY USA

[4 ]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, The Global Health and Emerging Pathogen Institute, , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, ; New York, NY USA

[5 ]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, Department of Internal Medicine, , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, ; New York, NY USA

[6 ]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, ; New York, NY USA

Author information

Kaori Sano http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4887-1302

Disha Bhavsar http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1564-3298

Gagandeep Singh http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5848-2741

Viviana Simon http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6416-5096

Florian Krammer http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4121-776X

Article

Publisher ID: 32389

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32389-8

PMC ID: 9435409

PubMed ID: 36050304

SO-VID: b7efd835-a4f7-43b4-a048-8cdefae1f1d2

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 3 December 2021

Date accepted : 25 July 2022

Funding

Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100000060, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID);

Award ID: 75N93019C00051

Award Recipient : Florian Krammer

Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100000054, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI);

Award ID: 75N91019D00024

Award Recipient : Florian Krammer

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: rna vaccines,viral infection,sars-cov-2,adaptive immunity

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: rna vaccines, viral infection, sars-cov-2, adaptive immunity

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SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces mucosal antibody responses in previously infected individuals

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Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Most cited references 29

Anomalous collapses of Nares Strait ice arches leads to enhanced export of Arctic sea ice

A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans

Longitudinal observation and decline of neutralizing antibody responses in the three months following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans

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Cited by 44

Most referenced authors 4,577