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      Energy efficient partition allocation in mixed-criticality systems

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          Abstract

          This paper addresses the problem of energy management of mixed criticality applications in a multi-core partitioned architecture. Instead of focusing on new scheduling algorithms to adjust frequency in order to save energy, we propose a partition to CPU allocation that takes into account not only the different frequencies at which the CPU can operate but the level of criticality of the partitions. The goal is to provide a set of pre-calculated allocations, called profiles, so at run time the system can switch to different modes depending on the battery level. These profiles achieve different levels of energy saving and performance applying different strategies. We also present a comparison in terms of energy saving of the most used bin-packing algorithms for partition allocation. As this is an heuristic, it is not possible to ensure that our results involve the minimum energy consumption. For this reason, we also provide a comparison with a exact method, such as constraint programming.

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          Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment

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            Measuring the Performance of Schedulability Tests

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              A survey of hard real-time scheduling for multiprocessor systems

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                2019
                18 March 2019
                : 14
                : 3
                : e0213333
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Institut d’Automàtica i Informàtica Industrial. Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
                [2 ] Fent Innovative Software Solutions S.L., Valencia, Spain
                King Abdulaziz University, SAUDI ARABIA
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: We have the following interests: The author Salva Peiró (SP) is employed by Fent Innovative Software Solutions, Fent ISS. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter our adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

                ‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2900-8466
                Article
                PONE-D-17-26006
                10.1371/journal.pone.0213333
                6422255
                30883549
                b43b6292-867c-44df-89e9-f66bff6ce488
                © 2019 Guasque et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 11 July 2017
                : 12 February 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 16, Tables: 5, Pages: 22
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010669, H2020 LEIT Information and Communication Technologies;
                Award ID: 687902
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad;
                Award ID: TIN2014-56158-C4-1-P
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011273, FP7 Information and Communication Technologies;
                Award ID: 610640
                Award Recipient :
                This work was supported by Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espana (ES), Award Number TIN2014-56158-C4-1-P, Grant Recipient Alfons Crespo (AC) and Patricia Balbastre (PB); H2020 LEIT Information and Communication Technologies, Award Number 687902, Grant Recipient Fent Innovative Software Solutions, FentISS Salva Peiró (SP), URL http://safepower-project.eu/. The author Salva Peiró (SP) is employed by Fent Innovative Software Solutions, FentISS. Fent Innovative Software Solutions provided support in the form of salary for author SP, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific role of this author is articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section. This work was also supported by FP7 Information and Communication Technologies, Award Number 610640, Grant Recipient Alfons Crespo (AC), URL http://www.dreams-project.eu/. No other individuals employed or contracted by the funders (other than the named authors) played any role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.
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