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      Production, transport and on-site organisation of Roman mortars and plasters

      Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
      Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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          Abstract

          This paper examines the role of mortars and plasters in the construction process during the Roman period and seeks to elucidate the chaîne opératoire from the production of the main ingredients — lime and aggregate — to their application in structures, based on archaeological, visual and archaeometric data. As well as looking at the actual processes involved, it also considers the functional requirements of the mortars and plasters and the economic implications of their use, especially the nature and cost of transport, which may have led to particular choices being made by Roman builders; it also considers the supply of materials in terms of the logistics of construction. The emphasis is on mortared rubble construction, which was a particular development of the Roman period from the second century BCE and required much larger quantities of lime than previous building techniques. Attention is also paid to the human actions involved and the tools employed.

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          Mortars and plasters—how to characterise hydraulic mortars

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            Characterizing the pigments and paints of prehistoric artists

            This paper offers a broad and critical overview of current discussions on the potential uses and the characterization of pigments in prehistory, with a special focus on prehistoric rock art. Today, analytical approaches to pigments and paints allow us to go beyond the identification of the elemental and molecular composition of these archaeological remains, to explore also raw material procurement, transformation and use strategies of interest to investigate the technological and socio-cultural practices of prehistoric artists and their change over space and time. The paper also summarizes the palette of prehistoric artists, as well as the techniques and analytical strategies used to date to characterize prehistoric pigments and paints (colours, raw materials, binders and recipes) used in prehistoric rock art.
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              Not only wall paintings—pigments for cosmetics

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
                Archaeol Anthropol Sci
                Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                1866-9557
                1866-9565
                November 2021
                October 13 2021
                November 2021
                : 13
                : 11
                Article
                10.1007/s12520-021-01401-5
                b0a19994-45fa-4016-99b8-2131ad037abf
                © 2021

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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