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      Mapping Karakorum, the capital of the Mongol Empire

      , , ,
      Antiquity
      Antiquity Publications

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          ABSTRACT

          In the thirteenth century AD, the city of Karakorum was founded as the capital of the Mongol Empire. Relatively little archaeological attention, however, has been directed at the site and the phenomenon of steppe urbanism. The authors report new magnetic and topographic surveys of the walled city and the surrounding landscape. The resulting maps reveal the city in unprecedented detail. Combining the magnetic and topographical data with aerial photographs, pedestrian surveys and documentary sources reveals the extent, layout and organisation of this extensive settlement. Road networks and areas of variable occupation density and types of activities deepen our understanding of this important commercial hub and royal palace, which is conceptualised as a form of ‘implanted’ urbanism.

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          Archaeological Survey

          E. Banning (2002)
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            Urban Labels and Settlement Trajectories

            Archaeology has conventionally managed information about settlements into a set of types: campsite-encampment, hamlet-village, and town-city. These were tightly defined but have now become rather less specific. They are broadly understood as categories of different magnitude and still tend to be framed within a stage-theory premise of linear transformation from smaller settlements with more mobile communities to larger ones with less mobile communities. However, what has become apparent is that the agrarian-based urbanism contains compact, high-density settlements with sedentary populations and dispersed, low-density settlements of considerable size and also contains urban settlements which were seasonal and entirely mobile. In addition, it is now clear that definitions of urbanism are regionally specific and that global definitions have become tenuous and increasingly decoupled from material actuality. Therefore, to communicate cross-regionally we need to respect regional uniqueness and analyse the dynamic trajectories of urban settlements as the basis for consistent global cross-comparison of patterns of difference.
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              Disembedded Capitals in Western Asian Perspective

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Antiquity
                Antiquity
                Antiquity Publications
                0003-598X
                1745-1744
                November 04 2021
                : 1-20
                Article
                10.15184/aqy.2021.153
                af03d731-0ae3-41ba-8347-7528f78452e6
                © 2021

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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