On the uncertainties in hot spot reconstructions and the significance of moving hot spot reference frames

Steinberger, Bernhard; O'Neill, Craig; Müller, Dietmar R.

doi:10.1029/2004GC000784

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On the uncertainties in hot spot reconstructions and the significance of moving hot spot reference frames : HOT SPOT RECONSTRUCTIONS

Author(s): Craig O'Neill , Dietmar Müller , Bernhard Steinberger

Publication date Created: April 2005

Publication date (Print): April 2005

Journal: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

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Degree 12 model of shear velocity heterogeneity in the mantle

Robert L. Woodward, Wei-jia Su, Adam M. Dziewonski (1994)

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Finite-frequency tomography reveals a variety of plumes in the mantle.

Raffaella Montelli, Guust Nolet, F A Dahlen … (2004)

We present tomographic evidence for the existence of deep-mantle thermal convection plumes. P-wave velocity images show at least six well-resolved plumes that extend into the lowermost mantle: Ascension, Azores, Canary, Easter, Samoa, and Tahiti. Other less well-resolved plumes, including Hawaii, may also reach the lowermost mantle. We also see several plumes that are mostly confined to the upper mantle, suggesting that convection may be partially separated into two depth regimes. All of the observed plumes have diameters of several hundred kilometers, indicating that plumes convey a substantial fraction of the internal heat escaping from Earth.