Productive performance, egg quality and bone characteristics of quails fed with meal and canola oil

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Abstract

ABSTRACT. This study evaluated the effect of canola meal and oil in quail diet on productive performance, egg quality and bone characteristics. Quails (n = 84) with 150-days-of-age and average weight of 234±17 g were used in this experiment that lasted 84 days. The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 7 replications with 3 birds each. Four diets were formulated: SM+SO - control diet with soybean meal and oil; MC+SO - 25% replacement of soybean meal with canola meal; MC+CO - 25% replacement of soybean meal with canola meal and complete replacement of canola oil with soybean oil; SM+OC - control diet with soybean meal and canola oil. Productive performance, internal and external egg quality and bone characteristics were evaluated. The diet with canola meal and oil (MC+CO) decreased (p <0.05) feed conversion. Albumen height was lower (p < 0.05) for treatments with canola meal and oil (MC+CO). Regardless of the oil used, the dietary canola meal (MC+SO and MC+CO) reduced the weight and length of tibia (p < 0.05), but increased its ash content (p < 0.05). The mixture of canola oil and meal decreases feed conversion, and negatively affects internal egg quality and bone characteristics of quails.

Translated abstract

RESUMO. Este estudo avaliou o efeito do farelo e do óleo de canola na dieta de codornas sobre o desempenho produtivo, qualidade de ovos e características ósseas. Foram utilizadas 84 codornas com 150 dias de idade e peso médio de 234±17 g por um período de 84 dias. Foi utilizado um delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com 4 tratamentos, 7 repetições com 3 aves cada. Foram formuladas quatro dietas: FS+OS - dieta controle com farelo e óleo de soja; FC+OS - 25% de substituição do farelo de soja pelo de canola; FC+OC - 25% de substituição do farelo de soja pelo de canola e óleo de canola substituindo totalmente o óleo de soja; FS+OC - dieta controle com farelo de soja e óleo de canola. Foi avaliado o desempenho produtivo, a qualidade interna e externa dos ovos e as características ósseas. A dieta com farelo e o óleo de canola (FC+OC) piorou (p < 0,05) a conversão alimentar. A altura do albúmen foi menor (p < 0,05) para os tratamentos com farelo e óleo de canola (FC+OC). Independentemente do óleo utilizado o farelo de canola (FC+OS e FC+OC) na dieta reduziu (p < 0,05) o peso e o comprimento das tíbias, porém aumentou (p < 0,05) o teor de cinzas. A mistura de óleo e farelo de canola piora a conversão alimentar, afeta negativamente a qualidade interna dos ovos e as características ósseas das codornas.

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Factors regulating bone maturity and strength in poultry.

N.C. Rath, G.R. Huff, W.E Huff … (2000)

Adolescent meat-type poultry and cage layers exhibit a high incidence of bone problems that include bone weakness, deformity, breakage, and infection and osteoporosis-related mortalities. These problems include economic and welfare issues. To improve bone quality in poultry, it is essential to understand the physiological basis of bone maturity and strength in poultry. A complex array of factors that include structural, architectural, compositional, physiological, and nutritional factors interactively determine bone quality and strength. Bone is approximately 70% mineral, 20% organic, and 10% water. Collagen is the major organic matrix that confers tensile strength to the bone, whereas hydroxyapatite provides compressional strength. In recent years, the roles of different collagen crosslinks have been shown to be important in the increase of bone mechanical strength. Similarly, age-related glyco-oxidative modifications of collagen have been shown to increase the stiffness of collagen. These posttranslational modifications of matrix can affect bone quality as it would be affected by the changes in the mineralization process. Our studies show that the growth in the tibia continued until 25 wk of age, which correlated with the increase in the content of hydroxylysylpridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP), the collagen crosslinks. The tibia from 5-wk-old chicks were strong but brittle because of low collagen crosslinks and high mineral content. Bone maturity may relate to its crosslink content. Compared to crosslink content, bone density and ash content showed moderate increases during growth. The bones from younger turkeys were more susceptible to corticosteroid-induced stunting of growth, which also resulted in decreased bone strength. This review discusses how different factors can compromise bone strength by reducing growth, altering shape, affecting mineralization, and affecting collagen crosslinking.

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Factors that affect the nutritive value of canola meal for poultry.

F Khajali, B.A. Slominski (2012)

This article reviews the factors affecting the nutritive value of canola meal (CM), including glucosinolates, sinapine, phytic acid, tannins, dietary fiber, and electrolyte balance. It also addresses the means of improving the nutritive value of CM throughout seed dehulling, development of low-fiber canola, or application of feed enzymes. Over the years, the glucosinolate content of canola has been declining steadily and is now only about one-twelfth of that of the older high-glucosinolate rapeseed (that is, 10 vs. 120 μmol/g). Therefore, the rations for broilers or laying hens could now contain 20% of CM without producing any adverse effects. Tannins are of lesser importance due to their presence in the hull fraction and thus low water solubility. Sinapine has been implicated with the production of a "fishy" taint in brown-shelled eggs, which results from a genetic defect among the strain of Rhode Island Red laying hens. The White Leghorns have been reported not to be affected. Although lower in protein, CM compares favorably with soybean meal with regard to amino acid content. Because CM contains more methionine and cysteine but less lysine, both meals tend to complement each other when used together in poultry diets. Canola meal is low in arginine (Arg) which could be of importance when introducing CM to broiler diets at high inclusion rates. The Arg content of CM is approximately two-thirds of that of soybean meal. Chickens fail to synthesize Arg and are highly dependent on dietary sources for this amino acid. Supplementation of Arg to CM-based diets has been shown to partly restore the growth performance. Dietary cation-anion difference in CM is also less than optimal due to the high sulfur and low potassium contents. Seed dehulling has not been very successful due to excessive fineness and thus difficulties with percolation of the miscella through the cake. Development of low-fiber, yellow-seeded canola and the use of enzymes have proven to increase the energy utilization and the nutritive value of CM for poultry.

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Dietary conjugated linoleic acids alter serum IGF-I and IGF binding protein concentrations and reduce bone formation in rats fed (n-6) or (n-3) fatty acids.

D Ney, Yan Li, M Seifert … (1999)

A study was designed to examine the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) and the relationship of these factors to bone metabolism. Weanling male rats were fed AIN-93G diet containing 70 g/kg of added fat for 42 days. Treatments included 0 g/kg or 10 g/kg of CLA and soybean oil (SBO) or menhaden oil + safflower oil (MSO) following a 2 x 2 factorial design. Serum IGFBP was influenced by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) type ((n-6) and (n-3)) and CLA (p = 0.01 for 38-43 kDa bands corresponding to IGFBP-3). CLA increased IGFBP level in rats fed SBO (p = 0.05) but reduced it in those fed MSO (p = 0.01). Rats fed MSO had the highest serum IGFBP-3 level. Both (n-3) fatty acids and CLA lowered ex vivo prostaglandin E2 production in bone organ culture. In tibia, rats given CLA had reduced mineral apposition rate (3.69 vs. 2.79 microm/day) and bone formation rate (BFR) (0.96 vs. 0.65 microm3/microm2/day); however, the BFR tended to be higher with MSO. Dietary lipid treatments did not affect serum intact osteocalcin or bone mineral content. These results showed that dietary PUFA type and CLA modulate local factors that regulate bone metabolism.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Priscila de Oliveira Moraes: Role: ND

Edenilse Gopinger: Role: ND

Caroline Bavaresco: Role: ND

Aiane Aparecida da Silva Catalan: Role: ND

Renata Cedres Dias: Role: ND

Eduardo Gonçalves Xavier: Role: ND

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): asas

Title: Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences

Abbreviated Title: Acta Sci., Anim. Sci.

Publisher: Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM (Maringá, PR, Brazil )

ISSN (Print): 1806-2636

ISSN (Electronic): 1807-8672

Publication date (Print and electronic): March 2017

Volume: 39

Issue: 1

Pages: 97-102

Affiliations

[2] Capão do Leão Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pelotas orgdiv1Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel orgdiv2Departamento de Ciência Animal Brazil

[1] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul orgdiv1Departamento de Ciência Animal Brazil

Article

Publisher ID: S1807-86722017000100097

DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v39i1.31317

SO-VID: ac2c8a84-a14d-4687-8ce0-a37f2cc7cc62

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Date received : 14 March 2016

Date accepted : 14 April 2016

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Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 6

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SciELO Brazil

Keywords: alimento alternativo,desempenho,nutrição,alternative ingredient,performance, nutrition

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Keywords: alimento alternativo, desempenho, nutrição, alternative ingredient, performance, nutrition

Productive performance, egg quality and bone characteristics of quails fed with meal and canola oil Translated title: Desempenho produtivo, qualidade de ovos e características ósseas de codornas alimentadas com farelo e óleo de canola

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Most cited references 24

Factors regulating bone maturity and strength in poultry.

Factors that affect the nutritive value of canola meal for poultry.

Dietary conjugated linoleic acids alter serum IGF-I and IGF binding protein concentrations and reduce bone formation in rats fed (n-6) or (n-3) fatty acids.

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