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      Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin antibodies in Wuhan, China: part of the city-wide massive testing campaign

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Wuhan, China, has subsided after a hard hit by the disease and subsequent city lockdown. Information on the number of people involved in Wuhan is still inadequate. This study aimed to describe the screening results of 61,437 community members in Wuchang District, Wuhan.

          Methods

          In mid-May 2020, Wuhan launched a population-scale city-wide SARS-CoV-2 testing campaign, which aimed to perform nucleic acid and viral antibody testing for citizens in Wuhan. Here we show the screening results of cluster sampled 61,437 residents in Wuchang District, Wuhan, China.

          Results

          A total of 1470 (2.39%, 95% CI: 2.27-2.52) individuals were detected positive for at least one antiviral antibody. Among the positive individuals, 324 (0.53%, 95% CI: 0.47-0.59) and 1200 (1.95%, 95% CI: 1.85-2.07) were positive for immunoglobulin IgM and IgG, respectively, and 54 (0.08%, 95% CI: 0.07-0.12) were positive for both antibodies. The positive rate of female carriers of antibodies were higher than those of male counterparts (male-to-female ratio of 0.75), especially in elderly citizens (ratio of 0.18 in 90+ age subgroup), indicating a sexual discrepancy in seroprevalence. In addition, viral nucleic acid detection using real-time PCR had showed 8 (0.013%, 95% CI: 0.006-0.026) asymptomatic virus carriers.

          Conclusions

          The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan was low. Most of Wuhan residents are still susceptible to this virus. Precautions, such as wearing mask, frequent hand hygiene, and proper social distance, are necessary before an effective vaccine or antiviral treatments are available.

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          Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

          Dawei Wang, Bo Hu, Fangfang Zhu … (2020)
          In December 2019, novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, China. The number of cases has increased rapidly but information on the clinical characteristics of affected patients is limited.
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            Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study

            Xiaobo Yang, Yuan Yu, Jiqian Xu … (2020)
            Summary Background An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia associated with the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in December, 2019, in Wuhan, China. Information about critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection is scarce. We aimed to describe the clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Methods In this single-centered, retrospective, observational study, we enrolled 52 critically ill adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Wuhan Jin Yin-tan hospital (Wuhan, China) between late December, 2019, and Jan 26, 2020. Demographic data, symptoms, laboratory values, comorbidities, treatments, and clinical outcomes were all collected. Data were compared between survivors and non-survivors. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, as of Feb 9, 2020. Secondary outcomes included incidence of SARS-CoV-2-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the proportion of patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Findings Of 710 patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 52 critically ill adult patients were included. The mean age of the 52 patients was 59·7 (SD 13·3) years, 35 (67%) were men, 21 (40%) had chronic illness, 51 (98%) had fever. 32 (61·5%) patients had died at 28 days, and the median duration from admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) to death was 7 (IQR 3–11) days for non-survivors. Compared with survivors, non-survivors were older (64·6 years [11·2] vs 51·9 years [12·9]), more likely to develop ARDS (26 [81%] patients vs 9 [45%] patients), and more likely to receive mechanical ventilation (30 [94%] patients vs 7 [35%] patients), either invasively or non-invasively. Most patients had organ function damage, including 35 (67%) with ARDS, 15 (29%) with acute kidney injury, 12 (23%) with cardiac injury, 15 (29%) with liver dysfunction, and one (2%) with pneumothorax. 37 (71%) patients required mechanical ventilation. Hospital-acquired infection occurred in seven (13·5%) patients. Interpretation The mortality of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is considerable. The survival time of the non-survivors is likely to be within 1–2 weeks after ICU admission. Older patients (>65 years) with comorbidities and ARDS are at increased risk of death. The severity of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia poses great strain on critical care resources in hospitals, especially if they are not adequately staffed or resourced. Funding None.
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              The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China

              Moritz Kraemer, Chia-Hung Yang, Bernardo Gutiérrez … (2020)
              The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak expanded rapidly throughout China. Major behavioral, clinical, and state interventions have been undertaken to mitigate the epidemic and prevent the persistence of the virus in human populations in China and worldwide. It remains unclear how these unprecedented interventions, including travel restrictions, affected COVID-19 spread in China. We use real-time mobility data from Wuhan and detailed case data including travel history to elucidate the role of case importation on transmission in cities across China and ascertain the impact of control measures. Early on, the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases in China was explained well by human mobility data. Following the implementation of control measures, this correlation dropped and growth rates became negative in most locations, although shifts in the demographics of reported cases were still indicative of local chains of transmission outside Wuhan. This study shows that the drastic control measures implemented in China substantially mitigated the spread of COVID-19.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Clin Microbiol Infect
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Clin Microbiol Infect
                Title: Clinical Microbiology and Infection
                Publisher: Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
                ISSN (Print): 1198-743X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1469-0691
                Publication date PMC-release: 7 October 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 7 October 2020
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
                [b ]Physical examination center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
                [c ]Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
                [d ]Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
                [e ]Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China; .
                [∗∗ ]Corresponding author. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
                [∗∗∗ ]Corresponding author. Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China; .
                [∗∗∗∗ ]Corresponding author. Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China; .
                [1]

                Equally contribution.

                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S1198-743X(20)30598-X
                DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.044
                PMC ID: 7539137
                PubMed ID: 33035672
                SO-VID: ac25807b-146f-47f2-9156-ffafeea4e12a
                Copyright © © 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 29 July 2020
                Date revision received : 14 September 2020
                Date accepted : 22 September 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: 2019 novel coronavirus,colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip,covid-19,immunoglobulin antibody,sars-cov-2
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: 2019 novel coronavirus, colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip, covid-19, immunoglobulin antibody, sars-cov-2

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