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      Alpine Glacier Reveals Ecosystem Impacts of Europe's Prosperity and Peril Over the Last Millennium

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          Most cited references74

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          Agricultural abandonment in mountain areas of Europe: Environmental consequences and policy response

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            Timing and climate forcing of volcanic eruptions for the past 2,500 years.

            Volcanic eruptions contribute to climate variability, but quantifying these contributions has been limited by inconsistencies in the timing of atmospheric volcanic aerosol loading determined from ice cores and subsequent cooling from climate proxies such as tree rings. Here we resolve these inconsistencies and show that large eruptions in the tropics and high latitudes were primary drivers of interannual-to-decadal temperature variability in the Northern Hemisphere during the past 2,500 years. Our results are based on new records of atmospheric aerosol loading developed from high-resolution, multi-parameter measurements from an array of Greenland and Antarctic ice cores as well as distinctive age markers to constrain chronologies. Overall, cooling was proportional to the magnitude of volcanic forcing and persisted for up to ten years after some of the largest eruptive episodes. Our revised timescale more firmly implicates volcanic eruptions as catalysts in the major sixth-century pandemics, famines, and socioeconomic disruptions in Eurasia and Mesoamerica while allowing multi-millennium quantification of climate response to volcanic forcing.
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              Single-particle measurements of midlatitude black carbon and light-scattering aerosols from the boundary layer to the lower stratosphere

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Geophysical Research Letters
                Geophys Res Lett
                American Geophysical Union (AGU)
                0094-8276
                1944-8007
                October 28 2021
                October 11 2021
                October 28 2021
                : 48
                : 20
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research University of Bern Bern Switzerland
                [2 ]University of Bern Institute of Plant Sciences Bern Switzerland
                [3 ]Division of Hydrologic Sciences Desert Research Institute Reno NV USA
                [4 ]Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
                [5 ]Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
                [6 ]University of Bern Institute of History Bern Switzerland
                [7 ]University of Bern Physics Institute Bern Switzerland
                [8 ]Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland
                [9 ]U.S. Geological Survey Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center Denver CO USA
                Article
                10.1029/2021GL095039
                ab0ee092-e674-4905-bf20-de7bf3924c59
                © 2021

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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