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      Trapping Monochamus galloprovincialis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), Vector of the Pine Wood Nematode, with Pine Allelochemicals, in Portugal Translated title: Développment de Méthodes pour la Capture de Monochamus galloprovincialis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), Vecteur du Nématode du Pin, avec des Composants Alelochimiques du Pin Maritime au Portugal Translated title: Desenvolvimento de Métodos para a Captura de Monochamus galloprovincialis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), Vetor do Nemátode da Madeira do Pinheiro, com Compostos Aleloquímicos do Pinheiro Bravo, em Portugal

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          Abstract

          Seven different trap models or variations and ten different chemical lures or combinations thereof were compared as to their efficiency to attract and capture the pine sawyer Monochamus galloprovincialis, vector of the Pine Wood Nematode (PWN) (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) in Portugal, between 2001 and 2004. Traps were made at the INRB laboratories (former EFN), with and without a visual silhouette, with chemical lures (ethanol, α-pinene and/or turpentine) from the maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), the only host of the PWN and its vector in Portugal. They were tested in four successive assays on pine stands; the less efficient were eliminated and the best were accepted for subsequent tests. The best combination was a transparent cross-vane interception trap lured with ethanol and turpentine in separate vials. The implications of the results for control of M. galloprovincialis are discussed.

          Translated abstract

          Différentes pièges et variations (sept), avec des attractives chimiques, ont été testés entre 2001 et 2004 pour leur efficacité à attirer et capturer Monochamus galloprovincialis, insecte vecteur du nématode du pin (PWN) (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) au Portugal. Toutes les pièges ont était fabriquées dans le laboratoire de l'INRB(anciennement Station Forestière Nationale), quelques-unes d'interception tandis que d'autres avaient silhouette pour contact visuel de l'insecte. Toutes avaient des produits chimiques attractifs (éthanol, essence de térébenthine et α-pinène) provenant de l'hôte du nématode de pin, le pin maritime, et ont été testées dans quatre essais réalisés en succession, dans laquelle la pire des combinaisons a été éliminée et la meilleure admis à l'essai suivante. La meilleure combinaison finale était composée d'un piège à panneaux transparents plié avec des attractantes constitué d'éthanol et essence de térébenthine dans des conteneurs individuels.

          Translated abstract

          Diferentes armadilhas e variações (sete), iscadas com atraentes químicos, foram testadas em Portugal entre 2001 e 2004. O objetivo era verificar a eficiência na atração e captura do longicórnio do pinheiro, Monochamus galloprovincialis. Este é o inseto vetor do nemátodo da madeira do pinheiro (NMP) (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). Todas as armadilhas testadas foram construídas no laboratório do INRB (ex-Estação Florestal Nacional), sendo algumas de interceção enquanto outras apresentavam silhueta visual. Em todas foram colocados atraentes químicos (etanol, aguarrás e α-pineno) originários do hospedeiro do NMP, o pinheiro-bravo. Foram testadas em quatro ensaios realizados de modo sucessivo, em que as piores combinações foram eliminadas e as melhores admitidas no ensaio seguinte. A melhor combinação era constituída por uma armadilha de painéis cruzados transparentes com um conjunto atrativo constituído por etanol e aguarrás, apresentados em recipientes separados. Finalmente são discutidas as implicações dos resultados obtidos no controlo das populações de M. galloprovincialis.

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          A MULTIPLE FUNNEL TRAP FOR SCOLYTID BEETLES (COLEOPTERA)

          The multiple funnel trap, an efficient, collapsible, non-sticky trap for scolytid beetles, consists of a series of vertically aligned funnels with a collecting jar at the bottom. The trap compared favorably with sticky traps and Scandinavian drainpipe traps for three species of ambrosia beetles and the mountain pine beetle. Minimum maintenance required for this trap allows for high efficiency in pheromone-based research, survey, and mass trapping of scolytid beetles.
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            Chemical ecology of bark beetles

            J A Byers (1989)
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              Attraction of bark beetles,Tomicus piniperda,Hylurgops palliatus, andTrypodendron domesticum and other insects to short-chain alcohols and monoterpenes.

              J A Byers (1992)
              Several Scandinavian forest insects,Hylurgops palliatus, Tomicus piniperda, andTrypodendron domesticum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae),Rhizophagus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae) andPollenia spp. (Diptera: Calliphoridae) were attracted to window traps baited with ethanol and placed on Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris) in May-June, 1986. Release of ethanol at increasing relative rates of 0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 (800 mg/day) from the window traps on trees in 1987 causedH. palliatus, T. domesticum, andR. ferrugineus to be increasingly attracted, whileT. piniperda was equally attracted at both 0.1 and 1.0 rates. The attraction ofT. piniperda to ethanol was weak compared to attraction to a monoterpene mix, (±)-α-pinene, (+)-3-carene, terpinolene. The terpene mix plus ethanol was significantly more attractive toH. palliatus than ethanol alone, but terpenes significantly reduced the attraction ofT. domesticum to ethanol. Baiting of pipe traps with a series of short-chain alcohols (methanol to hexanol) each alone showed that ethanol was greatly preferred byH. palliatus, T. domesticum, andR. ferrugineus over alcohols of one more or one less carbon, while longer-chain alcohols were not attractive. However,Glischrochilus hortensis (Col.: Nitidulidae) was attracted only to propanol. A series of 10-fold increasing release rates of ethanol (0.0001-1.0, where 1.0=800 mg/day) with either a "low" or "high" release of the terpene mix had various effects on the sexes during their attraction to pipe traps and subsequent entering of holes. Release of (-)-verbenone at 0.25 mg/day had no significant effect onH. palliatus orR. ferrugineus attraction to ethanol, but the response ofT. domesticum to ethanol was reduced. Several theories on olfactory mechanisms of host selection byT. piniperda are integrated and placed in ecological perspective.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                slu
                Silva Lusitana
                Silva Lus.
                Unidade de Silvicultura e Produtos Florestais (Lisboa )
                0870-6352
                December 2012
                : 20
                : 1-2
                : 39-53
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária Portugal
                [2 ] Escola Secundária Camilo Castelo Branco Brazil
                Article
                S0870-63522012000100003
                aadabbc7-f925-4d5f-b9fa-06118045be00

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
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                SciELO Portugal

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0870-6352&lng=en
                Categories
                FORESTRY

                Forestry
                Maladie du nématode du pin,longicorne du pin,pin maritime,piège,attractante chimique,Pine wilts disease,maritime pine,pine sawyer,traps,lures,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,armadilhas,atraentes químicos,pinheiro-bravo

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