Resumen En este trabajo se pretenden poner en relieve algunos cuestionamientos a la aplicación de la teoría causal de la equivalencia de las condiciones como de la causalidad adecuada en la resolución de asuntos causales complejos, entendiendo por ellos aquellos en los que la condición en análisis no revela en sí misma la nocividad suficiente para ser tenida como origen del agravio, al menos desde un sensato sentido de justicia. Respecto de la primera, se afirma que al existir daños cuyo origen no pueden sino ser atribuidos a omisiones, el planteamiento causal de la supresión mental pierde relevancia; ocurriendo lo mismo en contextos de causalidad alternativa o hipotética, en los que resulta indispensable recurrir a criterios normativos. A propósito de la segunda, se sostiene que esta revela complejidades, principalmente en el entendido de su vinculación con la previsibilidad, lo que se aprecia tanto en el contexto del an debeatur, como del quantum respondetur, etapas de todo juicio de responsabilidad. Así ocurre en la determinación de la órbita de responsables, ya que no se aprecia en realidad cuál es la distinción entre causalidad adecuada y culpa; como en la referente a la órbita de daños, pues de seguirse aquello se infringiría el principio de la reparación integral del daño que contempla nuestro ordenamiento, al menos para la responsabilidad extracontractual, en atención a lo dispuesto en el art. 2329 del CC.
Abstract In this work we intend to highlight some questionings regarding the application of the theory of the equivalence of the condictio sine qua non as well as the theory of adequate causation in the resolution of complex causal issues. These complex issues involve factual characteristics that do not allow determining harmful effects for later qualifying them as damages (at least from a sensible sense of justice). Regarding the first theory, it is stated that since there are damages whose origin can only be attributed to omissions, the causal approach of mental suppression loses relevance; The same thing happens in contexts of alternative or hypothetical causation, in which it is essential to resort to statutory criteria to respond to these complex issues. Regarding the latter theory, it is argued that it reveals complexities, mainly its connection with foreseeability, which can be seen both in the context of the an debeatur and of quantum respondentur, which are part of the stages of any liability judgment. This occurs when determining the scope of those who are deemed liable. In this latter case the distinction between adequate causation and negligence is not really appreciated; the same occurs in the determination of damages; if this latter theory were followed, the principle of comprehensive damage provided for by our legal system would be violated, at least for non-contractual liability, in accordance with the provisions of article 2329 of the Civil Code (CC).
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