"Flora of Russia" on iNaturalist: a dataset

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Abstract

Background

The "Flora of Russia" project on iNaturalist brought together professional scientists and amateur naturalists from all over the country. Over 10,000 people were involved in the data collection.

New information

Within 20 months, the participants accumulated 750,143 photo observations of 6,857 species of the Russian flora. This constitutes the largest dataset of open spatial data on the country’s biodiversity and a leading source of data on the current state of the national flora. About 87% of all project data, i.e. 652,285 observations, are available under free licences (CC0, CC-BY, CC-BY-NC) and can be freely used in scientific, educational and environmental activities.

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Most cited references 156

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Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities.

N. Myers, R. A. Mittermeier, C Mittermeier … (2000)

Conservationists are far from able to assist all species under threat, if only for lack of funding. This places a premium on priorities: how can we support the most species at the least cost? One way is to identify 'biodiversity hotspots' where exceptional concentrations of endemic species are undergoing exceptional loss of habitat. As many as 44% of all species of vascular plants and 35% of all species in four vertebrate groups are confined to 25 hotspots comprising only 1.4% of the land surface of the Earth. This opens the way for a 'silver bullet' strategy on the part of conservation planners, focusing on these hotspots in proportion to their share of the world's species at risk.

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Contribution of citizen science towards international biodiversity monitoring

Mark H Chandler, Linda See, Kyle Copas … (2016)

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Vulnerability to snakebite envenoming: a global mapping of hotspots

Joshua Longbottom, Freya Shearer, Maria Devine … (2018)

Summary Background Snakebite envenoming is a frequently overlooked cause of mortality and morbidity. Data for snake ecology and existing snakebite interventions are scarce, limiting accurate burden estimation initiatives. Low global awareness stunts new interventions, adequate health resources, and available health care. Therefore, we aimed to synthesise currently available data to identify the most vulnerable populations at risk of snakebite, and where additional data to manage this global problem are needed. Methods We assembled a list of snake species using WHO guidelines. Where relevant, we obtained expert opinion range (EOR) maps from WHO or the Clinical Toxinology Resources. We also obtained occurrence data for each snake species from a variety of websites, such as VertNet and iNaturalist, using the spocc R package (version 0.7.0). We removed duplicate occurrence data and categorised snakes into three groups: group A (no available EOR map or species occurrence records), group B (EOR map but <5 species occurrence records), and group C (EOR map and ≥5 species occurrence records). For group C species, we did a multivariate environmental similarity analysis using the 2008 WHO EOR maps and newly available evidence. Using these data and the EOR maps, we produced contemporary range maps for medically important venomous snake species at a 5 × 5 km resolution. We subsequently triangulated these data with three health system metrics (antivenom availability, accessibility to urban centres, and the Healthcare Access and Quality [HAQ] Index) to identify the populations most vulnerable to snakebite morbidity and mortality. Findings We provide a map showing the ranges of 278 snake species globally. Although about 6·85 billion people worldwide live within range of areas inhabited by snakes, about 146·70 million live within remote areas lacking quality health-care provisioning. Comparing opposite ends of the HAQ Index, 272·91 million individuals (65·25%) of the population within the lowest decile are at risk of exposure to any snake for which no effective therapy exists compared with 519·46 million individuals (27·79%) within the highest HAQ Index decile, showing a disproportionate coverage in reported antivenom availability. Antivenoms were available for 119 (43%) of 278 snake species evaluated by WHO, while globally 750·19 million (10·95%) of those living within snake ranges live more than 1 h from population centres. In total, we identify about 92·66 million people living within these vulnerable geographies, including many sub-Saharan countries, Indonesia, and other parts of southeast Asia. Interpretation Identifying exact populations vulnerable to the most severe outcomes of snakebite envenoming at a subnational level is important for prioritising new data collection and collation, reinforcing envenoming treatment, existing health-care systems, and deploying currently available and future interventions. These maps can guide future research efforts on snakebite envenoming from both ecological and public health perspectives and better target future estimates of the burden of this neglected tropical disease. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Alexey P. Seregin:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1824-7453

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biodivers Data J

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biodivers Data J

Journal ID (publisher-id): 1

Journal ID (index): urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:F9B2E808-C883-5F47-B276-6D62129E4FF4

Journal ID (aggregator): urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:245B00E9-BFE5-4B4F-B76E-15C30BA74C02

Title: Biodiversity Data Journal

Publisher: Pensoft Publishers

ISSN (Print): 1314-2836

ISSN (Electronic): 1314-2828

Publication date Collection: 2020

Publication date (Electronic): 17 November 2020

Volume: 8

Electronic Location Identifier: e59249

Affiliations

[1 ] M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia

[2 ] Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia

[3 ] Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, RAS, Borok, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, RAS Borok, Yaroslavl Oblast Russia

[4 ] Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Moscow, Russia Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS Moscow Russia

[5 ] Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia Kazan Federal University Kazan Russia

[6 ] Tigirek State Reserve, Barnaul, Russia Tigirek State Reserve Barnaul Russia

[7 ] Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia Sevastopol State University Sevastopol Russia

[8 ] Pavlovsk Secondary School #2, Pavlovsk, Voronezh Oblast, Russia Pavlovsk Secondary School #2 Pavlovsk, Voronezh Oblast Russia

[9 ] Independent Researcher, Korolyov, Moscow Oblast, Russia Independent Researcher Korolyov, Moscow Oblast Russia

[10 ] Lomonosov Moscow State University (Sevastopol Branch), Sevastopol, Russia Lomonosov Moscow State University (Sevastopol Branch) Sevastopol Russia

[11 ] Independent Researcher, Milkovo, Kamchatsky Krai, Russia Independent Researcher Milkovo, Kamchatsky Krai Russia

[12 ] Independent Researcher, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia Independent Researcher Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Russia

[13 ] Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia Tomsk State University Tomsk Russia

[14 ] Joint Directorate of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve and National Park “Smolny”, Saransk, Russia Joint Directorate of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve and National Park “Smolny” Saransk Russia

[15 ] Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia Tyumen State University Tyumen Russia

[16 ] Mountain Botanical Garden, Dagestan Federal Research Centre, RAS, Makhachkala, Russia Mountain Botanical Garden, Dagestan Federal Research Centre, RAS Makhachkala Russia

[17 ] Belorechenskoye Agricultural Public Joint Stock Company, Belorechensky, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia Belorechenskoye Agricultural Public Joint Stock Company Belorechensky, Irkutsk Oblast Russia

[18 ] Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, RAS Ekaterinburg Russia

[19 ] Independent Researcher, Kaliningrad, Russia Independent Researcher Kaliningrad Russia

[20 ] Independent Researcher, Kostroma, Russia Independent Researcher Kostroma Russia

[21 ] Belgorod National Research University, Belgorod, Russia Belgorod National Research University Belgorod Russia

[22 ] Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, RAS, Moscow, Russia Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, RAS Moscow Russia

[23 ] Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia Lobachevsky State University Nizhny Novgorod Russia

[24 ] Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, SB RAS Irkutsk Russia

[25 ] Independent Researcher, Novosibirsk, Russia Independent Researcher Novosibirsk Russia

[26 ] Republican Children’s Ecological and Biological Center of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Russia Republican Children’s Ecological and Biological Center of Bashkortostan Ufa Russia

[27 ] Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, Russia Dagestan State Medical University Makhachkala Russia

[28 ] Independent Researcher, Tyumen, Russia Independent Researcher Tyumen Russia

[29 ] Independent Researcher, Bryansk, Russia Independent Researcher Bryansk Russia

[30 ] Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia Voronezh State University Voronezh Russia

[31 ] Independent Researcher, Sevastopol, Russia Independent Researcher Sevastopol Russia

[32 ] Central Chernozem Reserve, Kursk Oblast, Russia Central Chernozem Reserve Kursk Oblast Russia

[33 ] Togliatti State University, Togliatti, Russia Togliatti State University Togliatti Russia

[34 ] Institute of General and Experimental Biology, RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russia Institute of General and Experimental Biology, RAS Ulan-Ude Russia

[35 ] Independent Researcher, Kursk, Russia Independent Researcher Kursk Russia

[36 ] Independent Researcher, Saratov, Russia Independent Researcher Saratov Russia

[37 ] Independent Researcher, Alushta, Russia Independent Researcher Alushta Russia

[38 ] Open Laboratory of Conservation Biology, Novosibirsk, Russia Open Laboratory of Conservation Biology Novosibirsk Russia

[39 ] Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk Russia

[40 ] Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Geographical Institute, FEB RAS, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Geographical Institute, FEB RAS Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Russia

[41 ] Vitus Bering Kamchatka State University, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia Vitus Bering Kamchatka State University Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Russia

[42 ] Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Moscow Russia

[43 ] Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch, RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch, RAS Ekaterinburg Russia

[44 ] Directorate of Protected Areas, Vladimir, Russia Directorate of Protected Areas Vladimir Russia

[45 ] Yugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia Yugra State University Khanty-Mansiysk Russia

[46 ] Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, Tula, Russia Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University Tula Russia

[47 ] Independent Researcher, Likino-Dulyovo, Moscow Oblast, Russia Independent Researcher Likino-Dulyovo, Moscow Oblast Russia

[48 ] Independent Researcher, Samara, Russia Independent Researcher Samara Russia

[49 ] Chelyabinsk Children and Youth Camping Trip Centre "Kosmos", Chelyabinsk, Russia Chelyabinsk Children and Youth Camping Trip Centre "Kosmos" Chelyabinsk Russia

[50 ] Independent Researcher, Omsk, Russia Independent Researcher Omsk Russia

[51 ] Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Ulyanovsk, Russia Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Ulyanovsk Russia

[52 ] Independent Researcher, Vladimir, Russia Independent Researcher Vladimir Russia

[53 ] Komarov Botanical Institute, RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia Komarov Botanical Institute, RAS Saint Petersburg Russia

[54 ] Independent Researcher, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia Independent Researcher Khanty-Mansiysk Russia

[55 ] Independent Researcher, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia Independent Researcher Nizhny Novgorod Russia

[56 ] Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia Altai State University Barnaul Russia

[57 ] Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, RAS, Pushchino, Russia Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, RAS Pushchino Russia

[58 ] Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, Moscow, Russia Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology Moscow Russia

[59 ] Rybinsk State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum Preserve, Rybinsk, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia Rybinsk State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum Preserve Rybinsk, Yaroslavl Oblast Russia

[60 ] Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia Bashkir State University Ufa Russia

[61 ] Baikalsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Tankhoy, Buryat Republic, Russia Baikalsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve Tankhoy, Buryat Republic Russia

[62 ] Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia Irkutsk State University Irkutsk Russia

[63 ] Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS Novosibirsk Russia

[64 ] Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, FEB RAS Vladivostok Russia

[65 ] Independent Researcher, Moscow, Russia Independent Researcher Moscow Russia

[66 ] Independent Researcher, Cheboksary, Russia Independent Researcher Cheboksary Russia

[67 ] Independent Researcher, Ust-Labinsk, Krasnodar Krai, Russia Independent Researcher Ust-Labinsk, Krasnodar Krai Russia

[68 ] Independent Researcher, Ufa, Russia Independent Researcher Ufa Russia

[69 ] Institute of the Problems of Northern Development, Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Tyumen, Russia Institute of the Problems of Northern Development, Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS Tyumen Russia

[70 ] Independent Researcher, Volzhsk, Mari El Republic, Russia Independent Researcher Volzhsk, Mari El Republic Russia

[71 ] NUST MISIS, Moscow, Russia NUST MISIS Moscow Russia

[72 ] Independent Researcher, Perm Krai, Russia Independent Researcher Perm Krai Russia

[73 ] Tver State University, Tver, Russia Tver State University Tver Russia

[74 ] Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity, RAS, Moscow, Russia Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity, RAS Moscow Russia

[75 ] Independent Researcher, Asino, Tomsk Oblast, Russia Independent Researcher Asino, Tomsk Oblast Russia

[76 ] Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia Vernadsky Crimean Federal University Simferopol Russia

[77 ] Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia Ogarev Mordovia State University Saransk Russia

[78 ] Tuva State University, Kyzyl, Russia Tuva State University Kyzyl Russia

[79 ] Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, RAS, Ufa, Russia Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, RAS Ufa Russia

[80 ] Independent Researcher, Neftekamsk, Russia Independent Researcher Neftekamsk Russia

[81 ] Visim State Natural Biosphere Reserve, Pervouralsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia Visim State Natural Biosphere Reserve Pervouralsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast Russia

[82 ] Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute» Moscow Russia

[83 ] Sebezhsky Museum of Local Lore, Sebezh, Pskov Oblast, Russia Sebezhsky Museum of Local Lore Sebezh, Pskov Oblast Russia

[84 ] Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, Russia Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education Samara Russia

[85 ] Zubov State Oceanographic Institute, Moscow, Russia Zubov State Oceanographic Institute Moscow Russia

[86 ] Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden, RAS, Moscow, Russia Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden, RAS Moscow Russia

[87 ] Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin, Samara Federal Research Center, RAS, Togliatti, Russia Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin, Samara Federal Research Center, RAS Togliatti Russia

[88 ] Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, Kola Science Centre, RAS, Apatity, Russia Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, Kola Science Centre, RAS Apatity Russia

[89 ] Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada Canadian Museum of Nature Ottawa Canada

[90 ] Avrorin Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute, RAS, Apatity, Russia Avrorin Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute, RAS Apatity Russia

Author notes

Corresponding author: Alexey P. Seregin ( botanik.seregin@ 123456gmail.com ).

Academic editor: Dmitry Schigel

Author information

Alexey P. Seregin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1824-7453

Ekaterina S. Kashirina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8808-3255

Anatoliy A. Khapugin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6059-2779

Maxim M. Mallaliev https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9851-2976

Alla V. Verkhozina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0872-4455

Ramazan A. Murtazaliev https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2895-213X

Aleksandr V. Lebedev https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-942X

Nina V. Filippova https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9506-0991

Kseniia V. Dudova https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4520-8561

Igor V. Kuzmin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6824-4015

Eugene S. Popov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8599-3117

Vladimir N. Korotkov https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1367-2303

Vladimir V. Gostev https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6843-3422

Oleg E. Kosterin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5955-4057

Damir A. Yumagulov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8575-5944

Valerii A. Glazunov https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0344-024X

Andrey V. Danilin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6562-7371

Tatyana B. Silaeva https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1263-0619

Yulia A. Fedorova https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3596-4996

Ruslan M. Osmanov https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4857-6354

Stepan A. Senator https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1932-2475

Ilya V. Filippov https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3639-553X

Evgeny A. Belyakov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8465-9037

Mikhail N. Kozhin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0153-0287

Artem V. Leostrin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9269-7954

Article

Publisher ID: 59249 Publisher-manuscript ID: 14775

DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.8.e59249

PMC ID: 7686226

PubMed ID: 33244292

SO-VID: a8c81410-d7a7-416b-9e0c-ec06f81a3609

Copyright © Alexey P. Seregin, Dmitriy A. Bochkov, Julia V. Shner, Eduard V. Garin, Igor N. Pospelov, Vadim E. Prokhorov, Pavel V. Golyakov, Sergey R. Mayorov, Sergey A. Svirin, Alexander N. Khimin, Marina S. Gorbunova, Ekaterina S. Kashirina, Olga P. Kuryakova, Boris V. Bolshakov, Aleksandr L. Ebel, Anatoliy A. Khapugin, Maxim M. Mallaliev, Sergey V. Mirvoda, Sergey A. Lednev, Dina V. Nesterkova, Nadezhda P. Zelenova, Svetlana A. Nesterova, Viktoriya N. Zelenkova, Georgy M. Vinogradov, Olga V. Biryukova, Alla V. Verkhozina, Alexey P. Zyrianov, Sergey V. Gerasimov, Ramazan A. Murtazaliev, Yurii M. Basov, Kira Yu. Marchenkova, Dmitry R. Vladimirov, Dina B. Safina, Sergey V. Dudov, Nikolai I. Degtyarev, Diana V. Tretyakova, Daba G. Chimitov, Evgenij A. Sklyar, Alesya N. Kandaurova, Svetlana A. Bogdanovich, Alexander V. Dubynin, Olga A. Chernyagina, Aleksandr V. Lebedev, Mikhail S. Knyazev, Irina Yu. Mitjushina, Nina V. Filippova, Kseniia V. Dudova, Igor V. Kuzmin, Tatyana Yu. Svetasheva, Vladimir P. Zakharov, Vladimir P. Travkin, Yaroslav O. Magazov, Vladimir Yu. Teploukhov, Andrey N. Efremov, Olesya V. Deineko, Viktor V. Stepanov, Eugene S. Popov, Dmitry V. Kuzmenckin, Tatiana L. Strus, Tatyana V. Zarubo, Konstantin V. Romanov, Alexei L. Ebel, Denis V. Tishin, Vladimir Yu. Arkhipov, Vladimir N. Korotkov, Svetlana B. Kutueva, Vladimir V. Gostev, Mikhail M. Krivosheev, Natalia S. Gamova, Veronica A. Belova, Oleg E. Kosterin, Sergey V. Prokopenko, Rinat R. Sultanov, Irina A. Kobuzeva, Nikolay V. Dorofeev, Alexander A. Yakovlev, Yuriy V. Danilevsky, Irina B. Zolotukhina, Damir A. Yumagulov, Valerii A. Glazunov, Vladimir A. Bakutov, Andrey V. Danilin, Igor V. Pavlov, Elena S. Pushay, Elena V. Tikhonova, Konstantin V. Samodurov, Dmitrii V. Epikhin, Tatyana B. Silaeva, Andrei I. Pyak, Yulia A. Fedorova, Evgeniy S. Samarin, Denis S. Shilov, Valentina P. Borodulina, Ekaterina V. Kropocheva, Gennadiy L. Kosenkov, Uladzimir V. Bury, Anna E. Mitroshenkova, Tatiana A. Karpenko, Ruslan M. Osmanov, Maria V. Kozlova, Tatiana M. Gavrilova, Stepan A. Senator, Maxim I. Khomutovskiy, Eugene A. Borovichev, Ilya V. Filippov, Serguei V. Ponomarenko, Elena A. Shumikhina, Dmitry F. Lyskov, Evgeny A. Belyakov, Mikhail N. Kozhin, Leonid S. Poryadin, Artem V. Leostrin

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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

History

Date received : 02 October 2020

Date accepted : 12 November 2020

Page count

Figures: 8, Tables: 16, References: 156

Funding

Funded by: Russian Foundation for Basic Research 501100002261 http://doi.org/10.13039/501100002261

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"Flora of Russia" on iNaturalist: a dataset

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Abstract

Background

New information

Related collections

Pensoft Biodiversity

Most cited references 156

Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities.

Contribution of citizen science towards international biodiversity monitoring

Vulnerability to snakebite envenoming: a global mapping of hotspots

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