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      CONDICIÓN DE SALUD Y CUMPLIMIENTO DE LA GUÍA CLÍNICA CHILENA PARA EL CUIDADO DEL PACIENTE DIABÉTICO TIPO 2 Translated title: HEALTH CONDITION AND COMPLIANCE OF THE CHILEAN CLINICAL GUIDELINE FOR TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Identificar condición de salud (CS) de los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2. Medir el cumplimiento de las atenciones de salud según guía clínica. Identificar variables asociadas a CS. Material y método: estudio de pre-valencia, abril 2010. Población: 1.100 pacientes DM2 controlados en Programa Cardiovascular, considerando criterios de inclusión, exclusión, consentimiento informado. Muestra: 340 por aleatorización simple (confianza 95%, merma 10%). Recolección de datos realizada en CESFAM o visita domiciliaria por investigadoras e internas de enfermería entrenadas, con encuesta validada, exámenes, plantilla para información y ficha clínica. Para el análisis se utilizó estadística descriptiva, Chi2, Odds Ratios con IC (95%). Resultados: CS: descompensados (HbA1c>7%) 56.5%, patologías agregadas 97.9%, complicaciones 25%, mayor frecuencia retinopatía diabética. hombres mayor riesgo de amputación (p=0.003). Presión arterial >130/85 mm.hg. 58.2%, sobrepeso-obesidad 71.2%, autovalencia (adultos mayores) 23.1%. Cumplimiento recomendaciones ministeriales: controles/profesionales/año a lo menos cinco 41.5%, CESFAM adapta esta recomendación. Evaluación anual de: pie diabético 78%, fondo ojo 41,6%. Indicación régimen (nutricionista) último control 80%. Cinco controles profesionales/ año o más es protector de compensación de diabetes, IC (0.62-0.95), resto de recomendaciones y adaptación de éstas no se asocian a condición de salud (p > 0.05). Conclusiones: Los componentes de condición de salud están en general por sobre lo esperado. En ningún paciente se cumple en un 100% las recomendaciones de la guía clínica. Cinco o más controles profesionales anuales se asocian a compensación de la diabetes. Importante cumplir recomendaciones para mejorar control metabólico y disminuir/retrasar complicaciones para una mejor calidad de vida de pacientes.

          Translated abstract

          Objectives: To determine compliance with Chilean clinical guideline and to measure their impact through evaluation of patient’s health condition (HC), to determine associations. Methods: prevalence study, April 2010. Population: 1,100 diabetic patients controlled in the Cardiovascular Program, considering criteria of inclusion, exclusion, informed consent. Sample: 340 randomized patients (Confidence level: 95%; Loss: 10%). Information was collected in an outpatient clinic and through home visits performed by researchers and trained senior nursing students, with a validated survey, exams, staff for file information. For the purposes of the analysis, descriptive statistics was used, Chi2, Odds Ratios with CI (95%). Results: HC: decompensation (HbA1c>7%) 56.5%, derived illnesses 97.9%, complications 25%, greater frequency of diabetic retinopathy. Males with greater risk of amputation (p=0.003). Blood pressure >130/85 mm. hg. 58.2%, overweight-obesity 71.2%, self-care (older adults) 23.1%. Compliance with clinical guideline: controls/professionals/year at least fve 41.5%, CESFAM adapts this recommendation. Annual evaluation of: diabetic foot 78%, fundoscopy 41.6%. Regime indication (dietician) last control 80%. Five professional controls/year or more protect compensation for diabetes, IC (0.62-0.95), other recommendations and adaptation of recommendations are not associated with health status (p > 0.05). Conclusions: components of hC are better than expected. In none of the patients are the recommendations of the clinical guideline fulflled in a 100%. 5 or more annual outpatient visits are associated to good metabolic control. Compliance with clinical guideline recommendations is important to improve metabolic control, to lessen complications and to improve patient’s quality of life.

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          The quality of health care delivered to adults in the United States.

          We have little systematic information about the extent to which standard processes involved in health care--a key element of quality--are delivered in the United States. We telephoned a random sample of adults living in 12 metropolitan areas in the United States and asked them about selected health care experiences. We also received written consent to copy their medical records for the most recent two-year period and used this information to evaluate performance on 439 indicators of quality of care for 30 acute and chronic conditions as well as preventive care. We then constructed aggregate scores. Participants received 54.9 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 54.3 to 55.5) of recommended care. We found little difference among the proportion of recommended preventive care provided (54.9 percent), the proportion of recommended acute care provided (53.5 percent), and the proportion of recommended care provided for chronic conditions (56.1 percent). Among different medical functions, adherence to the processes involved in care ranged from 52.2 percent for screening to 58.5 percent for follow-up care. Quality varied substantially according to the particular medical condition, ranging from 78.7 percent of recommended care (95 percent confidence interval, 73.3 to 84.2) for senile cataract to 10.5 percent of recommended care (95 percent confidence interval, 6.8 to 14.6) for alcohol dependence. The deficits we have identified in adherence to recommended processes for basic care pose serious threats to the health of the American public. Strategies to reduce these deficits in care are warranted. Copyright 2003 Massachusetts Medical Society
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            Physician, nurse, and social worker collaboration in primary care for chronically ill seniors.

            To examine the impact of an interdisciplinary, collaborative practice intervention involving a primary care physician, a nurse, and a social worker for community-dwelling seniors with chronic illnesses. A concurrent, controlled cohort study of 543 patients in 18 private office practices of primary care physicians was conducted. The intervention group received care from their primary care physician working with a registered nurse and a social worker, while the control group received care as usual from their primary care physician. The outcome measures included changes in number of hospital admissions, readmissions, office visits, emergency department visits, skilled nursing facility admissions, home care visits, and changes in patient self-rated physical, emotional, and social functioning. From 1992 (baseline year) to 1993, the two groups did not differ in service use or in self-reported health status. From 1993 to 1994, the hospitalization rate of the control group increased from 0.34 to 0.52, while the rate in the intervention group stayed at baseline (P= .03). The proportion of intervention patients with readmissions decreased from 6% to 4%, while the rate in the control group increased from 4% to 9% (P=.03). In the intervention group, mean office visits to all physicians fell by 1.5 visits compared with a 0.5-visit increase for the control group (P=.003). The patients in the intervention group reported an increase in social activities compared with the control group's decrease (P=.04). With fewer hospital admissions, average per-patient savings for 1994 were estimated at $90, inclusive of the intervention's cost but exclusive of savings from fewer office visits. This model of primary care collaborative practice shows potential for reducing utilization and maintaining health status for seniors with chronic illnesses. Future work should explore the specific benefit accruing from physician involvement in the collaborative practice team.
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              Cost-utility analysis of screening intervals for diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

              Annual eye screening for patients with diabetes mellitus is frequently proposed as a measure of quality of care. However, the benefit of annual vs less frequent screening intervals has not been well evaluated, especially for low-risk patients. To examine the marginal cost-effectiveness of various screening intervals for eye disease in patients with type 2 diabetes, stratified by age and level of glycemic control. Markov cost-effectiveness model. Hypothetical patients based on the US population of diabetic patients older than 40 years from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Patient time spent blind, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and costs of annual vs less frequent screening compared by age and level of hemoglobin A1c. Retinal screening in patients with type 2 diabetes is an effective intervention; however, the risk reduction varies dramatically by age and level of glycemic control. On average, a high-risk patient who is aged 45 years and has a hemoglobin A1c level of 11% gains 21 days of sight when screened annually as opposed to every third year, while a low-risk patient who is aged 65 years and has a hemoglobin A1c level of 7% gains an average of 3 days of sight. The marginal cost-effectiveness of screening annually vs every other year also varies; patients in the high-risk group cost an additional $40530 per QALY gained, while those in the low-risk group cost an additional $211570 per QALY gained. In the US population, retinal screening annually vs every other year for patients with type 2 diabetes costs $107510 per QALY gained, while screening every other year vs every third year costs $49760 per QALY gained. Annual retinal screening for all patients with type 2 diabetes without previously detected retinopathy may not be warranted on the basis of cost-effectiveness, and tailoring recommendations to individual circumstances may be preferable. Organizations evaluating quality of care should consider costs and benefits carefully before setting universal standards.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cienf
                Ciencia y enfermería
                Cienc. enferm.
                Universidad de Concepción. Facultad de Enfermería (Concepción, , Chile )
                0717-9553
                2012
                : 18
                : 3
                : 49-59
                Affiliations
                [02] Santiago orgnameCESFAM Félix de Amesti Chile sleiva@ 123456corpomunimacul.cl
                [01] Santiago orgnameDocente Universidad de los Andes Chile magalianog@ 123456uandes.cl
                Article
                S0717-95532012000300006 S0717-9553(12)01800300006
                10.4067/S0717-95532012000300006
                a4fb9c8a-0d93-475a-ba4a-0555e8cdef0b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 November 2012
                : 15 November 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTICULOS

                Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,health care,Diabetes mellitus tipo 2,guías de práctica clínica,atención de salud,practice guidelines

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