Using XR (Extended Reality) for Behavioral, Clinical, and Learning Sciences Requires Updates in Infrastructure and Funding

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Abstract

Extended reality (XR, including augmented and virtual reality) creates a powerful intersection between information technology and cognitive, clinical, and education sciences. XR technology has long captured the public imagination, and its development is the focus of major technology companies. This article demonstrates the potential of XR to (1) deliver behavioral insights, (2) transform clinical treatments, and (3) improve learning and education. However, without appropriate policy, funding, and infrastructural investment, many research institutions will struggle to keep pace with the advances and opportunities of XR. To realize the full potential of XR for basic and translational research, funding should incentivize (1) appropriate training, (2) open software solutions, and (3) collaborations between complementary academic and industry partners. Bolstering the XR research infrastructure with the right investments and incentives is vital for delivering on the potential for transformative discoveries, innovations, and applications.

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Virtual reality in the assessment, understanding, and treatment of mental health disorders

D. Freeman, S Reeve, A. Robinson … (2017)

Mental health problems are inseparable from the environment. With virtual reality (VR), computer-generated interactive environments, individuals can repeatedly experience their problematic situations and be taught, via evidence-based psychological treatments, how to overcome difficulties. VR is moving out of specialist laboratories. Our central aim was to describe the potential of VR in mental health, including a consideration of the first 20 years of applications. A systematic review of empirical studies was conducted. In all, 285 studies were identified, with 86 concerning assessment, 45 theory development, and 154 treatment. The main disorders researched were anxiety (n = 192), schizophrenia (n = 44), substance-related disorders (n = 22) and eating disorders (n = 18). There are pioneering early studies, but the methodological quality of studies was generally low. The gaps in meaningful applications to mental health are extensive. The most established finding is that VR exposure-based treatments can reduce anxiety disorders, but there are numerous research and treatment avenues of promise. VR was found to be a much-misused term, often applied to non-interactive and non-immersive technologies. We conclude that VR has the potential to transform the assessment, understanding and treatment of mental health problems. The treatment possibilities will only be realized if – with the user experience at the heart of design – the best immersive VR technology is combined with targeted translational interventions. The capability of VR to simulate reality could greatly increase access to psychological therapies, while treatment outcomes could be enhanced by the technology's ability to create new realities. VR may merit the level of attention given to neuroimaging.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Policy Insights Behav Brain Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Policy Insights Behav Brain Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): BBS

Journal ID (hwp): spbbs

Title: Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences

Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )

ISSN (Print): 2372-7322

ISSN (Electronic): 2372-7330

Publication date (Electronic): 26 October 2023

Publication date (Print): October 2023

Volume: 10

Issue: 2

Pages: 317-323

Affiliations

[1 ]Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Ringgold 6396, universityUniversity of Oxford; , Oxford, UK

[2 ]Department of Experimental Psychology, Ringgold 6396, universityUniversity of Oxford; , Oxford, UK

[3 ]Department of Psychology, Ringgold 8166, universityUniversity of British Columbia; , Vancouver, Canada

[4 ]Department of Psychology, Scene Grammar Lab, Ringgold 9173, universityGoethe University Frankfurt; , Frankfurt am Main, Germany

[5 ]OxSTaR Oxford Simulation Teaching and Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Ringgold 6396, universityUniversity of Oxford; , Oxford, UK

[6 ]Wu Tsai Institute, Ringgold 5755, universityYale University; , New Haven, USA

[7 ]Centre for Teaching and Learning, Ringgold 6396, universityUniversity of Oxford; , Oxford, UK

Author notes

[*]Dejan Draschkow, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Email: dejan.draschkow@ 123456psy.ox.ac.uk

Author information

Dejan Draschkow https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1354-4835

Article

Publisher ID: 10.1177_23727322231196305

DOI: 10.1177/23727322231196305

PMC ID: 10602770

PubMed ID: 37900910

SO-VID: a4713876-b658-418b-b3d2-6c61e8d78e8a

License:

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Funding

Funded by: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659;

Award ID: SFB/TRR 26 135 project C7

Funded by: James S. McDonnell Foundation Understanding Human Cognition Collaborative Award;

Award ID: 220020448

Funded by: Wellcome Trust, FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100010269;

Award ID: 203139/Z/16/Z

Funded by: Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator Award;

Award ID: 104571/Z/14/Z

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Keywords: virtual reality,behavioral insights,clinical sciences,learning sciences,policy

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Keywords: virtual reality, behavioral insights, clinical sciences, learning sciences, policy

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Using XR (Extended Reality) for Behavioral, Clinical, and Learning Sciences Requires Updates in Infrastructure and Funding

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Most cited references 53

PSYCHOLOGY. Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science.

Most people are not WEIRD.

Virtual reality in the assessment, understanding, and treatment of mental health disorders

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