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      The understory bat community in a fragmented landscape in the lowlands of the Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico

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          Abstract

          Abstract: Bat species in Neotropical regions are known to reach a high diversity. The Chiropteran fauna contributes significantly to the ecological dynamics of tropical forests and are excellent indicators of the state of conservation. The Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz has suffered severe habitat degradation and forest fragmentation in the last four decades, mostly due to anthropogenic activities. The main objective of the present study was to describe in terms of species richness, feeding guild, biomass, and dominance, the little known bat community of the Parque de Flora and Fauna Silvestre Tropical (PAFFASIT) in the municipality of Catemaco, Veracruz. We expected that after nearly 30 years of ambient protection that this study site would maintain its functional diversity, as well as complexity in the bat understory assemblage. Since the relationship between richness and abundance is regulated by area size and the structural complexity of the vegetation, we hypothesize that in the PAFFASIT, a small number of species in the understory are dominant in terms of abundance and biomass. Fieldwork was conducted from November 2007 to November 2008. Sixteen mist nets were operated on four consecutive nights monthly from dusk until 0300 hours. All bats captured were processed and released in the field. We estimate the overall species diversity. A species accumulation curve over time was constructed. All species were assigned a feeding guild. Sampling effort totaled 1344 net/hours. We captured a total of 509 individuals, which represented 22 species. The Phyllostomidae family accounted for 98% of the total captures. Four species of this family, Sturnira parvidens, Carollia sowelli, Artibeus jamaicensis and Glossophaga soricina, alone accounted for 79 % of the total captures. The frugivore guild had the highest number of species (68 % of total captures). Two species, S. parvidens and C. sowelli, represented 57 % of the total gross biomass of the sample. The Shannon-Wiener Index value was 1.97 for the overall sample. New species were added slowly each month, but after nine months the accumulation curve tended to reach an asymptote. Nine species were added to the bat inventory for this site. In PAFFASIT due to the slow accumulation of species the number of bat species may increase as more surveys are carried out. In our study, we initially hypothesized a dominance by a few species. Our results concur with our prediction; as we found four species, S. parvidens, C. sowelli, A. jamaicensis and G. soricina that dominated the bat assemblage. In agreement with our hypothesis, results revealed the presence of a rich understory assemblage of bat species, which is similar to other findings in neotropical forests, but with a different species composition. The four species, belonging to the Phyllostomidae family accounted for 79 % of all captures, as well as 68 % of the total captures of the frugivore guild. The PAFFASIT forest reserve probably serves as an important link between two large areas of relatively well-preserved rainforest immersed in an anthropogenic landscape. The bat community, we observed at the PAFFASIT seems to be a simplification of that of mature rainforests in Los Tuxtlas, and it is noteworthy the absence of rare or sensitive animalivorous bat species such a as Chrotopterus auritus, Lophostoma evotis, Trachops cirrhosus and Vampyrum spectrum.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen: Es elevada la diversidad de murciélagos en las regiones Neotropicales. La Chiropterofauna significativamente contribuye a la dinámica ecológica de los bosques tropicales y son excelentes indicadores de su estado de conservación. Durante las últimas cuatro décadas la región de Los Tuxtlas, veracruz ha sufrido una severa degradación del hábitat y fragmentación de sus bosques, principalmente por actividades antropogénicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir en términos de riqueza de especies, gremios alimenticios, biomasa y dominancia, la poco conocida comunidad de murciélagos del Parque de Flora and Fauna Silvestre Tropical (PAFFASIT) en el municipio de Catemaco, Veracruz. Esperamos que como resultado de los aproximadamente 30 años de protección ambiental en este sitio de estudio, el hábitat mantenga su diversidad funcional y también como una compleja comunidad de murciélagos del sotobosque. Como la relación entre la riqueza y abundancia de las especies es regulada por el tamaño del área y la complejidad estructural de la vegetación, hipótetizamos que, en el PAFFASIT, un pequeño número de especies dominan en términos de abundancia y/o Biomasa. Se realizó el trabajo de campo de noviembre de 2007 hasta noviembre de 2008, se utilizaron 16 redes de niebla, activadas mensualmente durante cuatro noches consecutivas desde el atardecer hasta las 0300. Todos los murciélagos fueron identificados y liberados en campo. Se estimo la diversidad de especies. Se elaboró una curva de acumulación de especies/tiempo. A cada especie se le asignó a un gremio alimenticio. El esfuerzo de muestreo fue de 1344 red/horas. Se capturaron 509 individuos que representan 22 especies. La familia Phyllostomidae aportó el 98 % de las colectas. Cuatro especies de esta familia Sturnira parvidens, Carollia sowelli, Artibeus jamaicensis y Glossophaga soricina aportaron el 79 % de las capturas. El gremio frugívoro tuvo el mayor número de especies (68 % del total capturado). Dos especies, S. parvidens and C. sowelli representaron el 57 % de la biomasa bruta. El valor del índice de Shannon-Wiener calculado fue 1.97. Mensualmente, se agregaron nuevas especies, pero después de nueve meses la curva de acumulación de especies tendió a alcanzar una asíntota. Se suman nueve especies al inventario de murciélagos conocido de este sitio. En el caso de los murciélagos, en PAFASSIT, debido a la lenta acumulación de especies, el número de especies puede incrementarse cuando se lleven a cabo más estudios. En nuestro estudio hipotetizamos una dominancia por pocas especies y coincidiendo con nuestra predicción encontramos que cuatro especies S. parvidens, C. sowelli, A. jamaicensis y G. soricina, dominan el ensamble de murciélagos. De acuerdo con nuestra hipótesis los resultados muestran también la presencia de un rico ensamble de murciélagos de sotobosque y son resultados similares a los obtenidos en otros estudios en bosques neotropicales, pero con diferente composición de especies. Observando la dominancia de cuatro especies (79 % de las colectas) de la familia Phyllostomidae y resaltando la importancia del gremio frugívoro. La vegetación del PAFFASIT actúa como una conexión importante entre dos grandes áreas de Selva tropical relativamente bien conservadas inmersas en un paisaje antropizado. La comunidad de murciélagos que observamos en PAFFASIT parece ser una simplificación de la de las selvas tropicales maduras de Los Tuxtlas, aunque es notoria la ausencia de especies carnívoras, raras o sensibles conocidas de Los Tuxtlas como Chrotopterus auritus, Lophostoma evotis, Trachops cirrhusus y Vampyrum spectrum.

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          Most cited references61

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          Measuring Biological Diversity

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            Bats and birds increase crop yield in tropical agroforestry landscapes.

            Human welfare is significantly linked to ecosystem services such as the suppression of pest insects by birds and bats. However, effects of biocontrol services on tropical cash crop yield are still largely unknown. For the first time, we manipulated the access of birds and bats in an exclosure experiment (day, night and full exclosures compared to open controls in Indonesian cacao agroforestry) and quantified the arthropod communities, the fruit development and the final yield over a long time period (15 months). We found that bat and bird exclusion increased insect herbivore abundance, despite the concurrent release of mesopredators such as ants and spiders, and negatively affected fruit development, with final crop yield decreasing by 31% across local (shade cover) and landscape (distance to primary forest) gradients. Our results highlight the tremendous economic impact of common insectivorous birds and bats, which need to become an essential part of sustainable landscape management.
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              Rates of Deforestation in Los Tuxtlas, a Neotropical Area in Southeast Mexico

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                therya
                Therya
                Therya
                Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A. C. (La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico )
                2007-3364
                2017
                : 8
                : 2
                : 99-107
                Affiliations
                [1] Mato Grosso do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil selvaperennifolia@ 123456gmail.com
                [3] Xalapa orgnameUniversidad Veracruzana orgdiv1Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Mexico agonzalez@ 123456uv.mx
                [2] San Andrés Tuxtla orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Instituto de Biología orgdiv2Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas Mexico rcoates@ 123456ib.unam.mx
                Article
                S2007-33642017000200099
                10.12933/therya-17-463
                a3187410-fdf6-4542-98e2-2e4d97e9f48b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 February 2017
                : 09 November 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 64, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Mexico


                habitat fragmentation,Phyllostomidae,Sturnira,tropical rainforest,Artibeus,biodiversity,Chiroptera

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