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      Epidemiology, etiology, and prevention of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China

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          Abstract

          Esophageal cancer is one of the most fatal diseases worldwide mainly because of its rapid progression and poor prognosis. Although the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has markedly risen in North America and Europe in the past several decades, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is still the predominant subtype of esophageal cancer, especially in China. It accounts for more than 90% of all esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases in China. Geographical differentiation is one of the most distinctive characteristics of esophageal cancer. The progression, risk factors, and prognosis of these two subtypes of esophageal cancer differ. This study reviews the epidemiology, etiology, and prevention of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China, thereby providing systematic references for policy-makers who will decide on issues of esophageal cancer prevention and control.

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          Genetic landscape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

          Yi-Bo Gao, Zhao-Li Chen, Jia-Gen Li … (2014)
          Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the deadliest cancers. We performed exome sequencing on 113 tumor-normal pairs, yielding a mean of 82 non-silent mutations per tumor, and 8 cell lines. The mutational profile of ESCC closely resembles those of squamous cell carcinomas of other tissues but differs from that of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Genes involved in cell cycle and apoptosis regulation were mutated in 99% of cases by somatic alterations of TP53 (93%), CCND1 (33%), CDKN2A (20%), NFE2L2 (10%) and RB1 (9%). Histone modifier genes were frequently mutated, including KMT2D (also called MLL2; 19%), KMT2C (MLL3; 6%), KDM6A (7%), EP300 (10%) and CREBBP (6%). EP300 mutations were associated with poor survival. The Hippo and Notch pathways were dysregulated by mutations in FAT1, FAT2, FAT3 or FAT4 (27%) or AJUBA (JUB; 7%) and NOTCH1, NOTCH2 or NOTCH3 (22%) or FBXW7 (5%), respectively. These results define the mutational landscape of ESCC and highlight mutations in epigenetic modulators with prognostic and potentially therapeutic implications.
          Article 0 comments Cited 333 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Prospective study of risk factors for esophageal and gastric cancers in the Linxian general population trial cohort in China.

            Gina D Tran, Xiu-Di Sun, Christian C Abnet … (2005)
            Esophageal cancer incidence and mortality rates in Linxian, China are among the highest in the world. We examined risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cardia cancer (GCC), and gastric noncardia cancer (GNCC) in a population-based, prospective study of 29,584 adults who participated in the Linxian General Population Trial. All study participants completed a baseline questionnaire that included questions on demographic characteristics, personal and family history of disease, and lifestyle factors. After 15 years of follow-up, a total of 3,410 incident upper gastrointestinal cancers were identified, including 1,958 ESCC, 1,089 GCC and 363 GNCC. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate risks. Increased age and a positive family history of esophageal cancer (including ESCC or GCC) were significantly associated with risk at all 3 cancer sites. Additional risk factors for ESCC included being born in Linxian, increased height, cigarette smoking and pipe smoking; for GCC, male gender, consumption of moldy breads and pipe smoking; and for GNCC, male gender and cigarette smoking. Protective factors for ESCC included formal education, water piped into the home, increased consumption of meat, eggs and fresh fruits and increased BMI; for GCC, formal education, water piped into the home, increased consumption of eggs and fresh fruits and alcohol consumption; and for GNCC, increased weight and BMI. General socioeconomic status (SES) is a common denominator in many of these factors and improving SES is a promising approach for reducing the tremendous burden of upper gastrointestinal cancers in Linxian.
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              Long-Term Follow-Up of a Community Assignment, One-Time Endoscopic Screening Study of Esophageal Cancer in China.

              Wen-Qiang Wei, Zhi-Feng Chen, Yu-Tong He … (2015)
              There are no global screening recommendations for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Endoscopic screening has been investigated in areas of high incidence in China since the 1970s. This study aimed to evaluate whether an endoscopic screening and intervention program could reduce mortality caused by ESCC.
              Article 0 comments Cited 139 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Jin-Hu Fan
                You-Lin Qiao
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cancer Biol Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cancer Biol Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CBM
                Title: Cancer Biology & Medicine
                Publisher: Chinese Anti-Cancer Association (Tianjing China )
                ISSN (Print): 2095-3941
                Publication date (Print): February 2017
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 33-41
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher ID: CBM-2016-0093
                DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0093
                PMC ID: 5365188
                PubMed ID: 28443201
                SO-VID: a3123673-58ee-4704-8e41-64bb80cf316e
                Copyright © Copyright 2017 Cancer Biology & Medicine
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 4.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

                History
                Date received : 10 November 2016
                Date accepted : 23 December 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: epidemiology,etiology,prevention,esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,review
                Data availability:
                Keywords: epidemiology, etiology, prevention, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, review

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