Dietary Selenium Across Species

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Abstract

This review traces the discoveries that led to the recognition of selenium (Se) as an essential nutrient and discusses Se-responsive diseases in animals and humans in the context of current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of their pathogeneses. The article includes a comprehensive analysis of dietary sources, nutritional utilization, metabolic functions, and dietary requirements of Se across various species. We also compare the function and regulation of selenogenomes and selenoproteomes among rodents, food animals, and humans. The review addresses the metabolic impacts of high dietary Se intakes in different species and recent revelations of Se metabolites, means of increasing Se status, and the recycling of Se in food systems and ecosystems. Finally, research needs are identified for supporting basic science and practical applications of dietary Se in food, nutrition, and health across species.

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Most cited references 208

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Selenium: Biochemical Role as a Component of Glutathione Peroxidase

J Rotruck, A. Pope, H E Ganther … (1973)

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Selenoproteins: molecular pathways and physiological roles.

Vyacheslav Labunskyy, Dolph Hatfield, Vadim N Gladyshev (2014)

Selenium is an essential micronutrient with important functions in human health and relevance to several pathophysiological conditions. The biological effects of selenium are largely mediated by selenium-containing proteins (selenoproteins) that are present in all three domains of life. Although selenoproteins represent diverse molecular pathways and biological functions, all these proteins contain at least one selenocysteine (Sec), a selenium-containing amino acid, and most serve oxidoreductase functions. Sec is cotranslationally inserted into nascent polypeptide chains in response to the UGA codon, whose normal function is to terminate translation. To decode UGA as Sec, organisms evolved the Sec insertion machinery that allows incorporation of this amino acid at specific UGA codons in a process requiring a cis-acting Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element. Although the basic mechanisms of Sec synthesis and insertion into proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have been studied in great detail, the identity and functions of many selenoproteins remain largely unknown. In the last decade, there has been significant progress in characterizing selenoproteins and selenoproteomes and understanding their physiological functions. We discuss current knowledge about how these unique proteins perform their functions at the molecular level and highlight new insights into the roles that selenoproteins play in human health. Copyright © 2014 the American Physiological Society.

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SELENIUM IN HIGHER PLANTS.

N Terry, A. M. Zayed, M de Souza … (2000)

Plants vary considerably in their physiological response to selenium (Se). Some plant species growing on seleniferous soils are Se tolerant and accumulate very high concentrations of Se (Se accumulators), but most plants are Se nonaccumulators and are Se-sensitive. This review summarizes knowledge of the physiology and biochemistry of both types of plants, particularly with regard to Se uptake and transport, biochemical pathways of assimilation, volatilization and incorporation into proteins, and mechanisms of toxicity and tolerance. Molecular approaches are providing new insights into the role of sulfate transporters and sulfur assimilation enzymes in selenate uptake and metabolism, as well as the question of Se essentiality in plants. Recent advances in our understanding of the plant's ability to metabolize Se into volatile Se forms (phytovolatilization) are discussed, along with the application of phytoremediation for the cleanup of Se contaminated environments.

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: Annual Review of Nutrition

Abbreviated Title: Annu. Rev. Nutr.

Publisher: Annual Reviews

ISSN (Print): 0199-9885

ISSN (Electronic): 1545-4312

Publication date Created: August 22 2022

Publication date (Print): August 22 2022

Volume: 42

Issue: 1

Pages: 337-375

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;

[2 ]Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

[3 ]Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

[4 ]Department of Animal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA

[5 ]Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

Article

DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-062320-121834

PubMed ID: 35679623

SO-VID: 9fc53ec7-d3f7-4ec9-b830-686fa71f8d29

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