Correction: Cardiovascular Health in India – a Report Card from Three Urban and Rural Surveys of 22,144 Adults

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Abstract

This article details a correction to: Shivashankar R, Singh K, Kondal D, Gupta R, Perel P, Kapoor D, et al.. Cardiovascular Health in India – a Report Card from Three Urban and Rural Surveys of 22,144 Adults. Global Heart. 2022; 17(1): 52. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/gh.1137

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Cardiovascular Health in India – a Report Card from Three Urban and Rural Surveys of 22,144 Adults

Roopa Shivashankar, Kalpana Singh, Dimple Kondal … (2022)

Background: Markers of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) predict cardiovascular events. We estimated the prevalence of ideal CVH markers in two levels of cities and villages in India. Methods: We did pooled analysis of individual-level data from three cross sectional surveys of adults ≥ 30 years over 2010–14 (CARRS: Centre for cArdiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia; UDAY and Solan Surveillance Study) representing metropolitan cities; smaller cities and rural areas in diverse locations of India. We defined ideal CVH using modified American Heart Association recommendations: not smoking, ≥ 5 servings of fruits and vegetables (F&V), high physical activity (PA), body mass index (BMI) <25 Kg/m2, blood pressure (BP) <120/80 mm Hg, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) <100 mg/dl, and total cholesterol (TC) <200 mg/dL. We estimated (1) age-and sex-standardized prevalence of ideal CVH and (2) prevalence of good (≥6 markers), moderate (4–5), and poor CVH (≤3) adjusted for age, sex, education, and stratified by setting and asset tertiles. Results: Of the total 22,144 participants, the prevalence of ideal CVH markers were: not smoking (76.7% [95% CI 76.1, 77.2]), consumed ≥5 F&V (4.2% [3.9, 4.5]), high PA (67.5% [66.8, 68.2]), optimum BMI (59.6% [58.9, 60.3]), ideal BP (34.5% [33.9, 35.2]), FPG (65.8% [65.1, 66.5]) and TC (65.4% [64.7, 66.1]). The mean number of ideal CVH metrics was 3.7(95% CI: 3.7, 3.8). Adjusted prevalence of good, moderate, and poor CVH, varied across settings: metropolitan (3.9%, 41.0%, and 55.1%), smaller cities (7.8%, 49.2%, and 43%), and rural (10.4%, 60.9%, and 28.7%) and across asset tertiles: Low (11.0%, 55.9%, 33.1%), Middle (6.3%, 52.2%, 41.5%), and High (5.0%, 46.4%, 48.7%), respectively. Conclusion: Achievement of ideal CVH varied, with higher prevalence in rural and lower asset tertiles. Multi-sectoral and targeted policy and program actions are needed to improve CVH in diverse contexts in India.

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Contributors

Roopa Shivashankar:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4361-9423

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Glob Heart

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Glob Heart

Journal ID (issn): 2211-8179

Title: Global Heart

Publisher: Ubiquity Press

ISSN (Print): 2211-8160

ISSN (Electronic): 2211-8179

Publication date (Electronic, pub): 22 September 2022

Publication date Collection: 2022

Publication date PMC-release: 22 September 2022

Volume: 17

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: 68

Affiliations

[1 ]Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, IN

[2 ]Centre for Chronic Disease Control (CCDC), New Delhi, IN

[3 ]Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QA

[4 ]Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), New Delhi, IN

[5 ]London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, GB

[6 ]All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, IN

[7 ]Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, GB

[8 ]Deakin University, Melbourne, AU

[9 ]Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF), Chennai, IN

[10 ]Rollins School of Public Health & Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, US

[11 ]Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, US

[12 ]Rollins School of Public Health & Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, US

Author notes

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Roopa Shivashankar Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi; Centre for Chronic Disease Control (CCDC), New Delhi, IN drroopashivashankar@ 123456gmail.com

Author information

Roopa Shivashankar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4361-9423

Kalpana Singh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2273-5062

Dimple Kondal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1417-9510

Ruby Gupta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8487-6004

Pablo Perel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2342-301X

Deksha Kapoor https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9999-4153

Devraj Jindal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2384-7354

Sailesh Mohan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-3596

Rajendra Pradeepa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-3733

Prashant Jarhyan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5020-3995

Nikhil Srinivasapura Venkateshmurthy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4037-6371

Nikhil Tandon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4604-1986

Viswanathan Mohan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5038-6210

K. M. Venkat Narayan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8621-5405

Dorairaj Prabhakaran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3172-834X

Mohammed K. Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7266-2503

Article

DOI: 10.5334/gh.1158

PMC ID: 9504161

SO-VID: 9d13fa92-1ff6-4559-9117-286e5f81a539

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 08 September 2022

Date accepted : 08 September 2022

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