Organic Nanomaterials and Their Applications in the Treatment of Oral Diseases

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Abstract

There is a growing interest in the development of organic nanomaterials for biomedical applications. An increasing number of studies focus on the uses of nanomaterials with organic structure for regeneration of bone, cartilage, skin or dental tissues. Solid evidence has been found for several advantages of using natural or synthetic organic nanostructures in a wide variety of dental fields, from implantology, endodontics, and periodontics, to regenerative dentistry and wound healing. Most of the research is concentrated on nanoforms of chitosan, silk fibroin, synthetic polymers or their combinations, but new nanocomposites are constantly being developed. The present work reviews in detail current research on organic nanoparticles and their potential applications in the dental field.

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Silk as a Biomaterial.

Charu Vepari, David L. Kaplan (2007)

Silks are fibrous proteins with remarkable mechanical properties produced in fiber form by silkworms and spiders. Silk fibers in the form of sutures have been used for centuries. Recently regenerated silk solutions have been used to form a variety of biomaterials, such as gels, sponges and films, for medical applications. Silks can be chemically modified through amino acid side chains to alter surface properties or to immobilize cellular growth factors. Molecular engineering of silk sequences has been used to modify silks with specific features, such as cell recognition or mineralization. The degradability of silk biomaterials can be related to the mode of processing and the corresponding content of beta sheet crystallinity. Several primary cells and cell lines have been successfully grown on different silk biomaterials to demonstrate a range of biological outcomes. Silk biomaterials are biocompatible when studied in vitro and in vivo. Silk scaffolds have been successfully used in wound healing and in tissue engineering of bone, cartilage, tendon and ligament tissues.

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An Overview of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid (PLGA)-Based Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering

Piergiorgio Gentile, Valeria Chiono, Irene Carmagnola … (2014)

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) has attracted considerable interest as a base material for biomedical applications due to its: (i) biocompatibility; (ii) tailored biodegradation rate (depending on the molecular weight and copolymer ratio); (iii) approval for clinical use in humans by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA); (iv) potential to modify surface properties to provide better interaction with biological materials; and (v) suitability for export to countries and cultures where implantation of animal-derived products is unpopular. This paper critically reviews the scientific challenge of manufacturing PLGA-based materials with suitable properties and shapes for specific biomedical applications, with special emphasis on bone tissue engineering. The analysis of the state of the art in the field reveals the presence of current innovative techniques for scaffolds and material manufacturing that are currently opening the way to prepare biomimetic PLGA substrates able to modulate cell interaction for improved substitution, restoration, or enhancement of bone tissue function.

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Titanium dioxide nanoparticles: a review of current toxicological data

Hongbo Shi, Ruth Magaye, Vincent Castranova … (2013)

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are manufactured worldwide in large quantities for use in a wide range of applications. TiO2 NPs possess different physicochemical properties compared to their fine particle (FP) analogs, which might alter their bioactivity. Most of the literature cited here has focused on the respiratory system, showing the importance of inhalation as the primary route for TiO2 NP exposure in the workplace. TiO2 NPs may translocate to systemic organs from the lung and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) although the rate of translocation appears low. There have also been studies focusing on other potential routes of human exposure. Oral exposure mainly occurs through food products containing TiO2 NP-additives. Most dermal exposure studies, whether in vivo or in vitro, report that TiO2 NPs do not penetrate the stratum corneum (SC). In the field of nanomedicine, intravenous injection can deliver TiO2 nanoparticulate carriers directly into the human body. Upon intravenous exposure, TiO2 NPs can induce pathological lesions of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and brain. We have also shown here that most of these effects may be due to the use of very high doses of TiO2 NPs. There is also an enormous lack of epidemiological data regarding TiO2 NPs in spite of its increased production and use. However, long-term inhalation studies in rats have reported lung tumors. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the toxicology of TiO2 NPs and points out areas where further information is needed.

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Maurizio Battino: Role: Academic Editor

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules

Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules

Title: Molecules

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049

Publication date (Electronic): 09 February 2016

Publication date Collection: February 2016

Volume: 21

Issue: 2

Electronic Location Identifier: 207

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Blvd. EroiiSanitari, No. 8, RO-050474 Bucharest, Romania; mjr.virlan@ 123456gmail.com (M.J.R.V.); miricescudaniela@ 123456yahoo.com (D.M.); radu_radulescu24@ 123456yahoo.com (R.R.); alexandratotan@ 123456yahoo.com (A.T.); mariagreabu@ 123456yahoo.com (M.G.)

[2 ]Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Louisiana State University and LSU Ag Center, 149 EB Doran Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; CSabliov@ 123456agcenter.lsu.edu

Author notes

[* ] Correspondence: bcalenic@ 123456yahoo.co.uk ; Tel.: +40-755-044-047

Article

Publisher ID: molecules-21-00207

DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020207

PMC ID: 6273611

PubMed ID: 26867191

SO-VID: 9b96b72e-4e37-49d9-a429-477cc5e412c0

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Organic Nanomaterials and Their Applications in the Treatment of Oral Diseases

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Abstract

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Electrospinning for biomedical applications

Most cited references 184

Silk as a Biomaterial.

An Overview of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid (PLGA)-Based Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles: a review of current toxicological data

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