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      Preservice Primary Teachers’ Perceptions of STEM-Based Teaching in Natural Sciences and Technology Classrooms

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          Abstract

          The teaching of natural sciences and technology in primary schools presents an opportunity to use innovative approaches to teach STEM-based activities. The subject presents opportunities for learners to experience STEM-based instructional approaches in their early school years; therefore, it is essential that preservice primary school teachers are adequately prepared for the task. This study explored the perceptions of preservice teachers of STEM-based teaching in natural sciences and technology classrooms. Using a qualitative research approach and a single case study of a science and technology teaching methods course at a South African university, five participants were purposively selected from a group of 42 preservice teachers who had participated in a project to develop lesson plans and reflect on how to teach STEM. The data collected were analysed using thematic content analysis techniques. The findings indicate that the preservice teachers used natural sciences as an entry point to teach STEM and underestimated the technology component. The preservice teachers had the perception that STEM is taught through activity-based strategies while incorporating assessment for learning. Although they identified activities that could be used to teach STEM, they did not link the activities with developing specific skills in the lesson plans. The study recommends that preservice teachers be taught to link STEM activities with the development of specific STEM skills.

          Résumé

          L’enseignement des sciences naturelles et de la technologie à l’école primaire offre la possibilité d’utiliser des approches innovantes pour enseigner les activités fondées sur les STIM. Cette matière offre aux apprenants l’occasion d’expérimenter des approches pédagogiques axées sur les STIM durant leurs premières années à l’école. Il est donc essentiel que les enseignants du primaire en formation initiale soient convenablement préparés à cette tâche. Dans cette étude, on se penche sur les perceptions des enseignants en formation initiale sur l’enseignement fondé sur les STIM dans les classes de sciences naturelles et de technologie. En utilisant une approche de recherche qualitative et par l’étude de cas d’un cours sur les méthodes d’enseignement des sciences et de la technologie dans une université sud-africaine, on a choisi à dessein cinq participants parmi un groupe de 42 enseignants en formation initiale qui avaient participé à un projet visant à élaborer des plans de cours et à réfléchir à la manière d’enseigner les STIM. On a analysé les données recueillies à l’aide de techniques d’analyse de contenu thématique. Les résultats indiquent que les enseignants en formation initiale ont utilisé les sciences naturelles comme point d’entrée pour enseigner les STIM et qu’ils ont sous-estimé l’aspect technologique. Les enseignants en formation ont l’impression que l’enseignement des STIM passe par des stratégies axées sur les activités tout en incorporant une évaluation de l’apprentissage. Bien qu’ils aient identifié des activités pouvant être utilisées pour enseigner les STIM, les participants n’ont pas mis en relation ces activités avec le développement de compétences particulières dans les plans de cours. On recommande dans l’étude que les enseignants en formation initiale apprennent à mettre en lien les activités de STIM au développement de compétences particulières aux STIM.

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          Most cited references26

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          Knowledge and Teaching: Foundations of the New Reform

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            Pedagogical content knowledge in science education: perspectives and potential for progress

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              Understanding and Applying Research Paradigms in Educational Contexts

              The concept of research paradigm is one that many higher degree research students, and even early career researchers, find elusive to articulate, and challenging to apply in their research proposals. Adopting an ethnographic and hermeneutic methodology, the present paper draws upon our experiences as lecturers in Research Methods over many years, and upon pertinent literature to explain the meaning of research paradigm. The paper elucidates the key aspects of research paradigms that researchers should understand well to be able to address this concept adequately in their research proposals. It offers suggestions on how researchers can locate their research into a paradigm and the justification needed for paradigm choice. With the explicit purpose of helping higher degree research (HDR) students design effective research proposals, the paper also discusses the different research methodologies best suited to conduct research in each of the paradigms discussed. 
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                mafugut@ufs.ac.za
                tsakenim@ufs.ac.za
                jitalc@ufs.ac.za
                Journal
                Can. J. Sci. Math. Techn. Educ.
                Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education
                Springer International Publishing (Cham )
                1492-6156
                1942-4051
                10 January 2023
                : 1-17
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.412219.d, ISNI 0000 0001 2284 638X, Faculty of Education, , University of the Free State, ; Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa
                [2 ]GRID grid.412219.d, ISNI 0000 0001 2284 638X, Faculty of Education, , University of the Free State, ; Bloemfontein, South Africa
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6160-4014
                Article
                252
                10.1007/s42330-022-00252-z
                9838460
                96d29069-ed3a-4301-8d2d-a75f33619122
                © Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE) 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                : 28 October 2022
                Categories
                Article

                natural sciences and technology,primary school preservice teachers,stem education

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