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      The spillover effects of classmates' police intrusion on adolescents' school-based defiant behaviors: The mediating role of institutional trust.

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          Abstract

          Peers' negative police encounters may have collateral consequences and shape adolescents' relationship with authority figures, including those in the school context. Due to the expansion of law enforcement in schools (e.g., school resource officers) and nearby neighborhoods, schools include spaces where adolescents witness or learn about their peers' intrusive encounters (e.g., stop-and-frisks) with the police. When peers experience intrusive police encounters, adolescents may feel like their freedoms are infringed upon by law enforcement and subsequently view institutions, including schools, with distrust and cynicism. In turn, adolescents will likely engage in more defiant behaviors to reassert their freedoms and express their cynicism toward institutions. To test these hypotheses, the present study leveraged a large sample of adolescents (N = 2,061) enrolled in classrooms (N = 157) and examined whether classmates' police intrusion predicted adolescents' engagement in school-based defiant behaviors over time. Results suggest that classmates' intrusive police experiences in the fall term predicted higher levels of adolescents' engagement in defiant behaviors at the end of the school year, regardless of adolescents' own history of direct police intrusive encounters. Adolescents' institutional trust partially mediated the longitudinal association between classmates' intrusive police encounters and adolescents' defiant behaviors. Whereas past studies have largely focused on individual experiences of police encounters, the present study uses a developmental lens to understand how the effects of law enforcement-perpetuated intrusion on adolescent development may operate through peer interactions. Implications for legal system policies and practices are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Am Psychol
          The American psychologist
          American Psychological Association (APA)
          1935-990X
          0003-066X
          Nov 2023
          : 78
          : 8
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.
          [2 ] Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
          [3 ] Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
          [4 ] Department of Psychology, Learning Research & Development Center, School of Education, University of Pittsburgh.
          Article
          2023-53754-001
          10.1037/amp0001148
          36913279
          959c2c4a-5341-4249-b908-e7fcbddfb034
          History

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