A Review of Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure

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Abstract

Heart failure is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide and it is the end stage of sev-eral cardiovascular diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine has been used in the management of heart failure for a long time. Only until recently, well-designed clinical trials have been put into practice to study the efficacies of Chinese herbs. Extensive studies have also been carried out to explore the under-lying mechanisms of pharmaceutical actions of Chinese herbs. In this study, we will summarize the frequently used Chinese herbs, formulae and patent Chinese drugs in treating patients with heart failure and review published clinical evaluations of Chinese herbs in treating cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms by which Chinese herbs exert cardio-protective effects will also be reviewed. In the end, we will point out the limitations of current studies and challenges facing modernization of traditional Chi-nese medicine.

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Most cited references 116

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Dysregulation of cardiogenesis, cardiac conduction, and cell cycle in mice lacking miRNA-1-2.

Yong Zhao, Joshua F Ransom, Ankang Li … (2007)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are genomically encoded small RNAs used by organisms to regulate the expression of proteins generated from messenger RNA transcripts. The in vivo requirement of specific miRNAs in mammals through targeted deletion remains unknown, and reliable prediction of mRNA targets is still problematic. Here, we show that miRNA biogenesis in the mouse heart is essential for cardiogenesis. Furthermore, targeted deletion of the muscle-specific miRNA, miR-1-2, revealed numerous functions in the heart, including regulation of cardiac morphogenesis, electrical conduction, and cell-cycle control. Analyses of miR-1 complementary sequences in mRNAs upregulated upon miR-1-2 deletion revealed an enrichment of miR-1 "seed matches" and a strong tendency for potential miR-1 binding sites to be located in physically accessible regions. These findings indicate that subtle alteration of miRNA dosage can have profound consequences in mammals and demonstrate the utility of mammalian loss-of-function models in revealing physiologic miRNA targets.

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ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM).

Kenneth Dickstein, Alain Cohen-Solal, Gerasimos Filippatos … (2008)

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Is Open Access

Cardiac fibroblasts, fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodeling in heart disease

Dong Fan, Abhijit Takawale, Jiwon Lee … (2012)

Fibroblasts comprise the largest cell population in the myocardium. In heart disease, the number of fibroblasts is increased either by replication of the resident myocardial fibroblasts, migration and transformation of circulating bone marrow cells, or by transformation of endothelial/epithelial cells into fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. The primary function of fibroblasts is to produce structural proteins that comprise the extracellular matrix (ECM). This can be a constructive process; however, hyperactivity of cardiac fibroblasts can result in excess production and deposition of ECM proteins in the myocardium, known as fibrosis, with adverse effects on cardiac structure and function. In addition to being the primary source of ECM proteins, fibroblasts produce a number of cytokines, peptides, and enzymes among which matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), directly impact the ECM turnover and homeostasis. Function of fibroblasts can also in turn be regulated by MMPs and TIMPs. In this review article, we will focus on the function of cardiac fibroblasts in the context of ECM formation, homeostasis and remodeling in the heart. We will discuss the origins and multiple roles of cardiac fibroblasts in myocardial remodeling in different types of heart disease in patients and in animal models. We will further provide an overview of what we have learned from experimental animal models and genetically modified mice with altered expression of ECM regulatory proteins, MMPs and TIMPs.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Curr Pharm Des

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Curr. Pharm. Des

Journal ID (publisher-id): CPD

Title: Current Pharmaceutical Design

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers

ISSN (Print): 1381-6128

ISSN (Electronic): 1873-4286

Publication date (Electronic): September 2017

Publication date (Print): September 2017

Volume: 23

Issue: 34

Pages: 5115-5124

Affiliations

School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, 100029 , China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, 100029 , China; Basic Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, 100029 , China; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University , Shanghai, 200092 , China; School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, , Liaoning , China

Author notes

[* ]Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P.R.China; Tel: 86-21-6598-0296; Fax: 86-21-6598-1041; E-mail: rxzhu@ 123456tongji.edu.cn , Basic Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei San Huan Dong Lu 11, Chao Yang district, Beijing 100029, P.R.China; Tel: 86-10-6428-6508, Fax: 86-10-6428-7545; E-mail: wangwei26960@ 123456126.com

[#]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Article

Publisher ID: CPD-23-5115

DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170925163427

PMC ID: 6340156

PubMed ID: 28950815

SO-VID: 9397dc68-ed4c-490c-b09d-8c4346224e81

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This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

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A Review of Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure

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Most cited references 116

Dysregulation of cardiogenesis, cardiac conduction, and cell cycle in mice lacking miRNA-1-2.

Cardiac fibroblasts, fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodeling in heart disease

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