Optimization of Ultrasonic Cellulase-Assisted Extraction and Antioxidant Activity of Natural Polyphenols from Passion Fruit

Abstract

In this paper, ultrasonic cellulase extraction (UCE) was applied to extract polyphenols from passion fruit. The extraction conditions for total phenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with a Box-Behnken design (BBD). The results showed that the liquid-to-solid ratio (X ₂) was the most significant single factor and had a positive effect on all responses. The ANOVA analysis indicated quadratic models fitted well as TPC with R ² = 0.903, DPPH scavenging activity with R ² = 0.979, and ABTS scavenging activity with R ² = 0.981. The optimal extraction parameters of passion fruit were as follows: pH value of 5 at 30 °C for extraction temperature, 50:1 ( w/ v) liquid-to-solid ratio with extraction time for 47 min, the experimental values were found matched with those predicted. Infrared spectroscopy suggested that the extract contained the structure of polyphenols. Furthermore, three main polyphenols were identified and quantified by HPLC. The results showed the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the optimized UCE were 1.5~2 times higher than that determined by the single extraction method and the Soxhlet extraction method, which indicates UCE is a competitive and effective extraction technique for natural passion fruit polyphenols.