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      Validation of morphological ear classification devised by principal component analysis using three-dimensional images for human identification

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          Abstract

          This study attempts to classify ear morphology for human identification in forensic investigations by distinguishing between the upper auricle and lobule areas. A three-dimensional homologous model of the ear was created using 414 ear images of males aged 17–93 years reconstructed from computed tomography scans of forensic autopsy cases. Morphological changes were visualized using principal component analysis and areas of significant individual differences within the entire ear were identified. The classification criterion images for the upper auricle (ten images) and lobule (12 images) were developed by combining multiple principal component values: components 1–5 for the upper auricle and 1–6 for the lobule. Three-dimensional ear images of the upper auricle and lobule areas from 414 subjects were categorized using a measurement method based on the minimum distance between 5,507 corresponding points. The results indicate the applicability of the criterion images for the morphological classification of ears in this study.

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          Most cited references20

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          The Scree Test For The Number Of Factors

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            Analysis of a complex of statistical variables into principal components.

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              Origins and Levels of Monthly and Seasonal Forecast Skill for United States Surface Air Temperatures Determined by Canonical Correlation Analysis

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: Data curation
                Role: Data curation
                Role: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                PLOS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                21 October 2024
                2024
                : 19
                : 10
                : e0306843
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Forensic Science Laboratory, Iwate Prefectural Police Headquarters, Iwate, Japan
                [2 ] Division of Legal Medicine, Department of Forensic Science, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
                [3 ] Department of Diagnostic Image Analysis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
                [4 ] Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
                [5 ] Department of Medicine and Health Science “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, Age Estimation Project, Campobasso, Italy
                [6 ] Division of Forensic Odontology and Disaster Oral Medicine, Department of Forensic Science, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
                UNIPI: Universita degli Studi di Pisa, ITALY
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1889-7496
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3021-4443
                Article
                PONE-D-24-23810
                10.1371/journal.pone.0306843
                11493302
                39432483
                88f5daf8-3799-472a-b99d-70ecf7e150e4
                © 2024 Biwasaka et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 1 July 2024
                : 3 October 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 18, Tables: 5, Pages: 19
                Funding
                The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Ears
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Ears
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Mathematical and Statistical Techniques
                Statistical Methods
                Multivariate Analysis
                Principal Component Analysis
                Physical Sciences
                Mathematics
                Statistics
                Statistical Methods
                Multivariate Analysis
                Principal Component Analysis
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Imaging Techniques
                Computer and Information Sciences
                Software Engineering
                Computer Software
                Engineering and Technology
                Software Engineering
                Computer Software
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Imaging Techniques
                Neuroimaging
                Computed Axial Tomography
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Neuroimaging
                Computed Axial Tomography
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Diagnostic Medicine
                Diagnostic Radiology
                Tomography
                Computed Axial Tomography
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Imaging Techniques
                Diagnostic Radiology
                Tomography
                Computed Axial Tomography
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Radiology and Imaging
                Diagnostic Radiology
                Tomography
                Computed Axial Tomography
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Diagnostic Medicine
                Clinical Laboratory Sciences
                Forensics
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Face
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Face
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Imaging Techniques
                Composite Images
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the manuscript files.

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                Uncategorized

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