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      Comparing the Impact of COVID-19 on Nurses’ Turnover Intentions before and during the Pandemic in Qatar

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          Abstract

          Background: Although several studies examining nurses’ turnover intentions have been conducted, few studies have been conducted to explore how COVID-19 contributes to nurses’ turnover intentions. This study aims to compare nurses’ turnover (TO) intentions before and during COVID-19. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted using the Turnover Intention Scale (TIS-6) and a convenience sample of participants from the largest healthcare provider in Qatar between August and September 2020. Results: A total of 512 nurses were included in the final analysis. The majority were between 31 and 40 years of age (61.5%), 67.6% were females, 76.4% were married, 79.7% had a BSN, 43% had less than 5 years of experience, and 60.4% had worked in COVID-19 designated facilities. The turnover intentions were higher compared with before COVID-19 ( p < 0.01). Conclusion: Nurses in Qatar have higher TO intentions during COVID-19. The participants’ characteristics and stress levels are playing a major role in nurses’ decision to leave during COVID-19. Understanding the factors that contribute to turnover intentions is crucial for workforce planning, especially during pandemics.

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          The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: a qualitative study

          Qian Liu, Dan Luo, Joan Haase … (2020)
          Summary Background In the early stages of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei, China, the local health-care system was overwhelmed. Physicians and nurses who had no infectious disease expertise were recruited to provide care to patients with COVID-19. To our knowledge, no studies on their experiences of combating COVID-19 have been published. We aimed to describe the experiences of these health-care providers in the early stages of the outbreak. Methods We did a qualitative study using an empirical phenomenological approach. Nurses and physicians were recruited from five COVID-19-designated hospitals in Hubei province using purposive and snowball sampling. They participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews by telephone from Feb 10 to Feb 15, 2020. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Haase's adaptation of Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Findings We recruited nine nurses and four physicians. Three theme categories emerged from data analysis. The first was “being fully responsible for patients' wellbeing—‘this is my duty’”. Health-care providers volunteered and tried their best to provide care for patients. Nurses had a crucial role in providing intensive care and assisting with activities of daily living. The second category was “challenges of working on COVID-19 wards”. Health-care providers were challenged by working in a totally new context, exhaustion due to heavy workloads and protective gear, the fear of becoming infected and infecting others, feeling powerless to handle patients' conditions, and managing relationships in this stressful situation. The third category was “resilience amid challenges”. Health-care providers identified many sources of social support and used self-management strategies to cope with the situation. They also achieved transcendence from this unique experience. Interpretation The intensive work drained health-care providers physically and emotionally. Health-care providers showed their resilience and the spirit of professional dedication to overcome difficulties. Comprehensive support should be provided to safeguard the wellbeing of health-care providers. Regular and intensive training for all health-care providers is necessary to promote preparedness and efficacy in crisis management. Funding National Key R&D Program of China, Project of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education in China.
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            Fear of Covid‐19, psychological distress, work satisfaction and turnover intention among frontline nurses

            Leodoro J. Labrague, Janet Alexis A. De Los Santos (2020)
            Abstract Aim To examine the relative influence of fear of COVID‐19 on nurses’ psychological distress, work satisfaction and intent to leave their organisation and the profession. Background The emergence of COVID‐19 has significantly impacted the psychological and mental well‐being of frontline healthcare workers, including nurses. To date, no studies have been conducted examining how this fear of COVID‐19 contributes to health, well‐being and work outcomes in frontline nurses. Methods This is a cross‐sectional research design involving 261 frontline nurses in the Philippines. Five standardised scales were used for data collection. Results Overall, the composite score of the fear of COVID‐19 scale was 19.92. Job role and attendance of COVID‐19‐related training predicted fear of COVID‐19. An increased level of fear of COVID‐19 was associated with decreased job satisfaction, increased psychological distress, and increased organisational and professional turnover intentions. Conclusions Frontline nurses who reported not having attended COVID‐19‐related training and those who held part‐time job roles reported increased fears of COVID‐19. Addressing the fear of COVID‐19 may result in improved job outcomes in frontline nurses, such as increased job satisfaction, decreased stress levels and lower intent to leave the organisation and the profession. Implications for Nursing Management Organisational measures are vital to support the mental health of nurses and address their fear of COVID‐19 through peer and social support, psychological and mental support services (e.g., counselling or psychotherapy), provision of training related to COVID‐19, and accurate and regular information updates.
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              The relevance of psychosocial variables and working conditions in predicting nurses’ coping strategies during the SARS crisis: An online questionnaire survey

              Zdravko Marjanovic, Esther R. Greenglass, Sue Coffey (2006)
              Objectives The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between psychosocial variables and working conditions, and nurses’ coping methods and distress in response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) crisis in Canada. Participants and procedure The sample consisted of 333 nurses (315 women, 18 men) who completed an Internet-mediated questionnaire that was posted on the Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO) website between March and May 2004. The questionnaire was restricted to respondents who had to authenticate their RNAO membership with a valid username and password before accessing the questionnaire. This served a dual purpose: to ensure that only RNAO nurses completed the questionnaire and thereby safeguarding the generalizability of the findings; and second, to prevent any one nurse from contributing more than once to the overall sample. Results Correlational analysis yielded several significant relationships between psychosocial variables and working conditions, and the traditional correlates of burnout and stress. Three multiple regression analysis revealed that the model we evolved—including higher levels of vigor, organizational support, and trust in equipment/infection control initiative; and lower levels of contact with SARS patients, and time spent in quarantine—predicted to lower levels of avoidance behavior, emotional exhaustion, and state anger. Conclusions By employing models of stress and burnout that combine psychosocial variables and working conditions, researchers can account for significant amounts of variance in outcomes related to burnout. These findings highlight the importance of vigor and perceived organizational support in predicting nurses’ symptoms of burnout. For healthcare administrators, this means that a likely strategy for assuaging the negative outcomes of stress should address nurses’ psychosocial concerns and the working conditions that they face during novel times of crisis.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Ioanna V. Papathanasiou: Role: Academic Editor
                Minna Stolt: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Pers Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Pers Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): jpm
                Title: Journal of Personalized Medicine
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2075-4426
                Publication date (Electronic): 24 May 2021
                Publication date Collection: June 2021
                Volume: 11
                Issue: 6
                Electronic Location Identifier: 456
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Nursing, Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital (HMGH), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha 3050, Qatar; AABUJABER@ 123456hamad.qa (A.A.A.); RVillar@ 123456hamad.qa (R.C.V.); MAlJabry@ 123456hamad.qa (M.M.A.-J.)
                [2 ]Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary in Qatar (UCQ), Doha P.O. Box 23133, Qatar
                [3 ]Department of Nursing, Mental Health Services (MHS), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha 3050, Qatar; ANazarene@ 123456hamad.qa
                [4 ]Nursing Department, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; evagelosfradelos@ 123456hotmail.com
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: anashwan@ 123456hamad.qa ; Tel.: +974-4024-0487 or +974-6647-3549
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4845-4119
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8704-4991
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8761-6777
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0244-9760
                Article
                Publisher ID: jpm-11-00456
                DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060456
                PMC ID: 8225037
                PubMed ID: 34073655
                SO-VID: 85570918-b157-4b2d-a52a-15e31e990bae
                Copyright © © 2021 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 06 April 2021
                Date accepted : 20 May 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: covid-19,turnover intentions,intent to leave,tis-6,nurses,qatar
                Data availability:
                Keywords: covid-19, turnover intentions, intent to leave, tis-6, nurses, qatar

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