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      Fungal pretreatment of citrus waste improves the hydrolysis and acidogenesis of the organic fraction of urban solids wastes Translated title: El pretratamiento fúngico de residuos cítricos aumenta la hidrólisis y acidogénesis de la fracción orgánica de residuos sólidos urbanos

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT This work shows the increase in hydrolysis and acidogenesis of the organic fraction of urban solid waste (OFUSW) by the action of fungal hydrolytic enzymes obtained by solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Aspergillus niger C25B28 on citrus wastes (CW) without sterilization or the addition of nutrients. To quantify the hydrolysis and acidogenesis of the organic fraction of urban solid waste, three treatments were studied in triplicate: OFUSW plus 10 % fresh CW (RC treatment), and OFUSW plus 10 % citrus wastes pretreated by SSF (RCA treatment). The mixtures were packed into an anaerobic hydrolytic leaching bed reactor. The results showed that SSF decreased the limonene concentration by 97 %, removing 20 % of fiber and 46 % of fat from fresh CW. Pectinases (37 U/g DM [dry matter]), cellulases (33 U/g DM), xylanases (98 U/gDM), and proteases (0.2 U/gDM) were produced. Significant differences were observed between the different treatments: the greatest reduction in total solids (24 %), the highest removal efficiency of organic matter as chemical oxygen demand (COD), and the reduction of fats (23 % and 28 %, respectively), was achieved in RCA, compared to those obtained in the reactors with OFUSW and ReC without pretreatment. The production rate of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was 1.4 gVFA/Ld for RCA, 4.5 times higher than in the reactors without pretreatment.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Este trabajo muestra el aumento de la hidrólisis y acidogénesis de la fracción orgánica de residuos sólidos urbanos (FORSU) por la acción de enzimas hidrolíticas obtenidas mediante fermentación en medio sólido (FMS) con Aspergillus niger C25B28, sobre residuos cítricos (ReC) sin esterilización y sin adición de nutrientes. Para cuantificar la hidrólisis y acidogénesis de la FORSU se estudiaron tres tratamientos por triplicado: FORSU (R); FORSU más 10 % de ReC (RC) y tratamiento de la FORSU más 10 % de ReC pretratados por FMS (RCA). Las mezclas se empaquetaron en reactores anaerobios hidrolíticos de lecho escurrido. Los resultados muestran que la FMS disminuyó en un 97 % la concentración de limoneno y removió el 20 % de fibra más el 46 % de grasa de los ReC frescos. Se produjeron pectinasas (37 U/g materia seca [MS]), celulasas (33 U/g MS), xilanasas (98 U/g MS) y proteasas (0.2 U/g MS). Se observaron diferencias significativas entre los distintos tratamientos: en los rectores con RCA se obtuvo la mayor reducción de los sólidos totales (24 %), la mayor eficiencia de remoción de la materia orgánica como demanda química de oxígeno y la reducción de grasas (23 % y 28 %, respectivamente) en porcentajes superiores a los obtenidos en los reactores con FORSU y con ReC sin pretratar. La tasa de producción de ácidos grasos volátiles fue de 1.4 gAGV/Ld para RCA, 4.5 veces mayor que para los reactores sin pretratamiento.

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          Most cited references59

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          Use of Dinitrosalicylic Acid Reagent for Determination of Reducing Sugar

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            Gravimetric determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber in feeds with refluxing in beakers or crucibles: collaborative study.

            As an important constituent of animal feeds, fiber represents the portion of feeds that is bulky and difficult to digest. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) method, developed over 30 years ago, is the method of choice for measuring total fiber in forages and other feeds. Several modifications that were made to improve its general applicability to all feeds and others developed in individual laboratories often resulted in variability among laboratories in measuring NDF. The amylase-treated NDF (aNDF) method, therefore, was developed as an accurate and precise method of measuring total insoluble fiber in feeds. A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of the aNDF method over the full range of animal feed materials. Twelve laboratories representing research, feed company, regulatory, and commercial feed testing laboratories analyzed 11 materials as blind duplicates. The materials represented feed matrixes, including animal products; high-protein, high-fat, and high-pectin feeds; oil seeds; grains; heated by-product feeds; and legume and grass hays and silages. Materials selected varied in chemical composition and contained 0-90% aNDF, 1-16% ash, 1-20% crude fat, 1-40% crude protein, and 0-50% starch. Correcting results for changes in blanks and reporting results as ash-free aNDF organic matter (aNDFom) improved the repeatability and reproducibility of results when aNDF was 10% fat. However, standard deviations of repeatability and reproducibility for feeds with >10% fat were similar to those of other materials. It is recommended that the aNDF method be accepted for Official First Action status.
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              Pretreatment methods to enhance anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rica
                Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental
                Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient
                Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                0188-4999
                2023
                : 39
                : 54415
                Affiliations
                [1] Iztapalapa orgnameUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana orgdiv1Departamento de Biotecnología Mexico
                Article
                S0188-49992023000100105 S0188-4999(23)03900000105
                10.20937/rica.54415
                827cf9ea-fb75-43a7-874f-9db583cb2a77

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 February 2022
                : 01 June 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 59, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Articles

                limonene,lixiviados,demanda química de oxígeno,procesos biológicos,reactor hidrolítico anaerobio de lecho escurrido,limoneno,producción de enzimas,valorización de desechos,leachate,chemical oxygen demand,biological processes,hydrolytic anaerobic drained bed reactor,enzyme production,waste recovery

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