The Relationship between Different Levels of Health Literacy and Smoking Prevention Among Medical Sciences Student

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Abstract

Background:

Higher rates of Smoking among university students have been reported in various studies. On the other hand, health literacy (HL) can improve health behaviors. In fact, identifying factors affecting the adoption of smoking preventive behaviors such as HL can help prevent and reduce the prevalence of smoking among people. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between different levels of HL and adoption of smoking preventive behaviors among university student in 2016.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Three hundred and forty-seven dormitory students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Iran were selected through single-stage cluster sampling for the study. Data were collected using a measure of HL (the HL inventory for adults-HELIA) and a designed questionnaire to assess the adoption of smoking preventive behaviors. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version. 16 and descriptive statistical and Logistic regression test.

Results:

The mean (SD) of the score for adoption of smoking preventive behaviors and HL were 45.91 (12.99) and 70.52 (14.12) out of 100, respectively. The results showed that the adoption of smoking preventive behaviors had significant relationship with variables such as HL, gender, father's education and not smoking ( P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Less adoption of smoking preventive behaviors was seen in students with lower levels of HL, female students, students with illiterate fathers and smokers. Therefore, it seems essential to take these factors into consideration in designing preventive programs for smoking in target groups.

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Most cited references 41

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Relationship between Health Literacy, Health-Related Behaviors and Health Status: A Survey of Elderly Chinese

Yong-Bing Liu, Liu Liu, Yan-fei Li … (2015)

Background: Despite the large volume of research dedicated to health-related behavior change, chronic disease costs continue to rise, thus creating a major public health burden. Health literacy, the ability to seek, understand, and utilize health information, has been identified as an important factor in the course of chronic conditions. Little research has been conducted on the relationship between health literacy and health-related behaviors and health status in elderly Chinese. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between health literacy and health-related behaviors and health status in China. Methods: The subjects enrolled in this study were selected based on a stratified cluster random sampling design. Information involving >4500 older adults in 44 pension institutions in Urumqi, Changji, Karamay, and Shihezi of Xinjiang between September 2011 and June 2012 was collected. The Chinese Citizen Health Literacy Questionnaire (China Health Education Centre, 2008) and a Scale of the General Status were administered and the information was obtained through face-to-face inquiries by investigators. A total of 1452 respondents met the inclusion criteria. A total of 1452 questionnaires were issued and the valid response rate was 96.14% (1396 of 1452). Factors affecting health literacy and the relationship to health literacy were identified by one-way ANOVA and a multiple linear regression model. Results: The average health literacy level of the elderly in nursing homes was relatively low (71.74 ± 28.35 points). There were significant differences in the health literacy score among the factors of age, gender, race, education level, household income, marital conditions, and former occupation (p 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the independent influencing factors of health literacy included education level, race, former occupation, household income, age, physical exercise, health examination, smoking, and health information access (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Health literacy was significantly associated with health-related behaviors in elderly Chinese. Further longitudinal studies are needed to help confirm that improving health literacy in the elderly may be effective in changing health-related behaviors. To reduce risky habits, educational interventions to improve health literacy should be simultaneously conducted in health promotion work.

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Health literacy and preventive health care use among Medicare enrollees in a managed care organization.

Tracy L. Scott, Julie A. Gazmararian, Mark V Williams … (2002)

Many older adults in Medicare managed care programs have low health literacy, and this may affect use of preventive services. To determine whether older adults with inadequate health literacy were less likely to report receiving influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations, mammograms, and Papanicolaou smears than individuals with adequate health literacy after adjusting for other covariates. Cross-sectional survey; home interviews with community dwelling enrollees. Medicare managed care enrollees 65 to 79 years old in four US cities (n = 2722). Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults and self-reported preventive service use. In bivariate analyses, self-reported lack of preventive services was higher among individuals with inadequate health literacy than those with adequate health literacy: never had an influenza vaccination: 29% versus 19% (P = 0.000); never had a pneumococcal vaccination: 65% versus 54% (P = 0.000); no mammogram in the last 2 years: 24% versus 17% (P = 0.017); never had a Papanicolaou smear: 10% versus 5% (P = 0.002). After adjusting for demographics, years of school completed, income, number of physician visits, and health status, people with inadequate health literacy were more likely to report they had never received the influenza (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9) or pneumococcal vaccination (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7), and women were less likely to have received a mammogram (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0-2.2) or Papanicolaou smear (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-3.1). Among Medicare managed care enrollees, inadequate health literacy is independently associated with lower use of preventive health services.

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The potential impact of smoking control policies on future global smoking trends.

Agnes K. Warner, David Mendez, Omar Alshanqeety (2012)

The authors develop projections for global smoking prevalence for the years 2020 and 2030 with and without the implementation, starting in 2010, of the WHO's recommended multipronged approach to tobacco control known as the MPOWER policy package. Using data from the WHO's Global InfoBase Database and the WHO's Global Adult Tobacco Survey, the authors construct adult cigarette smoking prevalence time series for 60 countries that account for 90% of the world's smokers and 85% of the world's population. The authors then use a stock/flow model to project those countries' smoking prevalence for the years 2020 and 2030, with and without the implementation of MPOWER. The authors aggregate the results and report regional and global figures. The authors estimate global adult cigarette smoking prevalence in 2010 to be 23.7%. If no additional policies are set in place and the initiation and cessation rates existing in 2010 persist, the authors estimate that global prevalence will be 22.7% by 2020 and 22.0% by 2030 (872 million smokers). If MPOWER had been implemented globally starting in 2010 with a 100% price increase for cigarettes, the authors estimate that global cigarette smoking prevalence would be 15.4% in 2020 and 13.2% in 2030 (523 million smokers). The estimates indicate the magnitude and trajectory of the global tobacco pandemic and of the impact the authors could expect if evidence-based tobacco control policies were applied immediately and universally throughout the world. As half of lifetime smokers die of tobacco-related diseases, if MPOWER were applied globally, within a few decades, many millions of premature tobacco-related deaths would be avoided.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Prev Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Prev Med

Journal ID (publisher-id): IJPVM

Title: International Journal of Preventive Medicine

Publisher: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow (India )

ISSN (Print): 2008-7802

ISSN (Electronic): 2008-8213

Publication date Collection: 2021

Publication date (Electronic): 29 September 2021

Volume: 12

Electronic Location Identifier: 124

Affiliations

[1] Ph.D. in Health Education and Promotion, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

[1 ] Infectious Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

[2 ] Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Kordistan University, Sanandaj, Iran

[3 ] Department of Health Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

[4 ] Lecture of Nursing, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran

[5 ] Department of Occupational Health, School of Medical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran

[6 ] Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran

[7 ] Department of Clinical Psychology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

[8 ] Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

[9 ] Department of Health Education, School of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran

Author notes

Address for correspondence: Dr. Nooshin Hosseini, Ms.c in Health Education, School of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran. E-mail: n.hosseini450@ 123456yahoo.com

Article

Publisher ID: IJPVM-12-124

DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_460_20

PMC ID: 8551777

PubMed ID: 34760135

SO-VID: 814643aa-9d42-4736-ac72-b24d4725488c

License:

This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

History

Date received : 10 August 2020

Date accepted : 24 December 2020

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The Relationship between Different Levels of Health Literacy and Smoking Prevention Among Medical Sciences Student

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Abstract

Background:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusions:

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Tobacco Prevention & Cessation

Most cited references 41

Relationship between Health Literacy, Health-Related Behaviors and Health Status: A Survey of Elderly Chinese

Health literacy and preventive health care use among Medicare enrollees in a managed care organization.

The potential impact of smoking control policies on future global smoking trends.

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Cited by 6

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