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      Investigación preliminar de la depredación de semillas en la germinación de las bellotas de Quercus candicans Née Translated title: A preliminary investigation of the effect of pre-dispersal seed predation on the germination of Quercus candicans Née acorns

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          Abstract

          Las bellotas de los encinos (Quercus spp.) son atacadas en etapa de predispersión por varias especies de insectos. A pesar de la importancia de los encinos en programas de reforestación, el impacto del ataque de estos insectos, depredadores de semillas sobre la germinación de las bellotas es poco conocido, muy variable y depende de la especie de encino. En este estudio se determinó el nivel de infestación, por insectos, en bellotas de Quercus candicans Née y su efecto en la germinación. Para ello se realizaron muestreos en campo usando trampas pata recolectar bellotas y recolectas directas del suelo. Los niveles de infestación oscilaron de 7 a 21.6 %. Las bellotas atacadas por insectos presentaron una reducción en la germinación de 77.7 a 90.7 %. Las bellotas infestadas fueron significativamente más grandes que las bellotas no infestadas. Las larvas de los insectos encontrados en las semillas pertenecen a los órdenes Lepidóptera y Coleóptera. El análisis de los resultados sugiere la necesidad de desarrollar métodos de control de los insectos, y de separación de las bellotas infestadas para mejorar la calidad de la producción de plántulas destinadas a la reforestación.

          Translated abstract

          The acorns of oaks (Quercus spp.) are attacked in the pre-dispersal stage by various insect species. Despite the importance of the oaks in reforestation programs, the impact of the attack of these seed predation insects on the germination of the acorns is not well known, is very variable and depends on the oak species. In this study, the infestation level of insects in acorns of Quercus candicans Née was determined along with its effect on germination. For this purpose, samplings were made in the field using traps for collection acorns and direct collecting from de soil. Infestation levels varied from 7 and 21.6 %. The acorns attacked by insects presented a reduction in germination of between 77.7 and 90.7 %. The infested acorns were significantly larger than the non-infested ones. The larvae of the insects found in the seeds belong to the orders Lepidoptera and Coleóptera. The analysis of the results suggests the need to develop control methods of the insects, and to separate the infested acorns to improve the quality of the production of seedlings destined for reforestation.

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          Biostatitical Analysis

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            Random Search by Herbivorous Insects: A Simulation Model

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              Bet-Hedging Diapause Strategies in Stochastic Environments.

              In many insect species, adult emergence spreads over several years because of the existence of prolonged diapause in certain individuals. From stochastic models, we show that diversified bet-hedging strategies (mixed strategies with emergence after 1 or 2 yr) are more fit than simple diapause strategy (emergence after 1 yr) or fixed prolonged diapause strategy (emergence after 2 yr) in isolated chestnut weevil populations. This conclusion applies to a large range of survival rates in prolonged diapause and is insensitive to initial conditions, magnitude of temporal autocorrelation, distribution of demographic parameters, and quoted values of population size limitation. However, the shape of the fitness distribution as a function of prolonged diapause frequency changes greatly in the absence of population size limitation. Whatever the survival rate during prolonged diapause, we find that there is no genotypic advantage to extending diapause for all chestnut weevil larvae to more than 1 yr. Our models predict selection of bet-hedging strategies over a large range of prolonged diapause frequencies. This result is consistent with the existence of several mixed strategies in a population. Emergences after 3 yr are not crucial for selection or for the dynamics of mixed strategies in the chestnut weevil.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                agro
                Agrociencia
                Agrociencia
                Colegio de Postgraduados (Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico )
                1405-3195
                2521-9766
                February 2010
                : 44
                : 1
                : 83-92
                Affiliations
                [01] Xalapa Veracruz orgnameUniversidad Veracruzana orgdiv1Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada México fradiaz@ 123456uv.mx
                Article
                S1405-31952010000100008 S1405-3195(10)04400100008
                80f6ff64-bbe5-4557-bcac-0448b0005191

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : October 2009
                : September 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Recursos naturales renovables

                Quercus,bellotas,insectos plaga,infestación,germinación,reforestación,acorns,insect pests,infestation,germination,reforestation

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