The Impact of Movement Behaviors on Bone Health in Elderly with Adequate Nutritional Status: Compositional Data Analysis Depending on the Frailty Status

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between bone mass (BM) and physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) according to frailty status and sex using compositional data analysis. We analyzed 871 older people with an adequate nutritional status. Fried criteria were used to classify by frailty status. Time spent in SB, light intensity PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) was assessed from accelerometry for 7 days. BM was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The combined effect of PA and SB was significantly associated with BM in robust men and women ( p ≤ 0.05). In relation to the other behaviors, SB was negatively associated with BM in robust men while BM was positively associated with SB and negatively with LPA and MVPA in robust women. Moreover, LPA also was positively associated with arm BM ( p ≤ 0.01). Finally, in pre-frail women, BM was positively associated with MVPA. In our sample, to decrease SB could be a good strategy to improve BM in robust men. In contrast, in pre-frail women, MVPA may be an important factor to consider regarding bone health.

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Most cited references 34

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Alternative definitions of sarcopenia, lower extremity performance, and functional impairment with aging in older men and women.

Matthew J. Delmonico, Tamara B. Harris, Jung-Sun Lee … (2007)

To compare two methods for classifying an individual as sarcopenic for predicting decline in physical function in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Observational cohort study with 5 years of follow-up. Communities in Memphis, Tennessee, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Men and women aged 70 to 79 (N=2,976, 52% women, 41% black). Appendicular lean mass (aLM) was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and participants were classified as sarcopenic first using aLM divided by height squared and then using aLM adjusted for height and body fat mass (residuals). Incidence of persistent lower extremity limitation (PLL) was measured according to self-report, and change in objective lower extremity performance (LEP) measures were observed using the Short Physical Performance Battery. There was a greater risk of incident PLL in women who were sarcopenic using the residuals sarcopenia method than in women who were not sarcopenic (hazard ratio (HR)=1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.11-1.61) but not in men. Those defined as sarcopenic using the aLM/ht(2) method had lower incident PLL than nonsarcopenic men (HR=0.76, 95% CI=0.60-0.96) and women (HR=0.75, 95% CI=0.60-0.93), but these were no longer significant with adjustment for body fat mass. Using the residuals method, there were significantly poorer LEP scores in sarcopenic men and women at baseline and Year 6 and greater 5-year decline, whereas sarcopenic men defined using the aLM/ht(2) method had lower 5-year decline. Additional adjustment for fat mass attenuated this protective effect. These findings suggest that sarcopenia defined using the residuals method, a method that considers height and fat mass together, is better for predicting disability in an individual than the aLM/ht(2) method, because it considers fat as part of the definition.

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Quality control and data reduction procedures for accelerometry-derived measures of physical activity.

Rachel Colley, Sarah Connor Gorber, Mark S. Tremblay (2010)

This article describes four key quality control and data reduction issues that researchers should consider when using accelerometry to measure physical activity: monitor reliability, spurious data, monitor wear time, and number of valid days required for analysis. Exploratory analyses were conducted on an unweighted subsample (n=987) of the accelerometry data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Participants were asked to wear an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days. Calibration, reliability, biological plausibility and compliance issues were explored using descriptive statistics. Ongoing calibration is an effective method for identifying malfunctioning accelerometers. The percentage of files deemed viable for analysis depends on participant compliance, the allowable interruption period chosen and the minimum wear-time-per-day criterion. A 60-minute allowable interruption period and 10-hours-per-day wear time criteria resulted in 95% of the subsample having at least 1 valid day, and 84% having at least 4 valid days. Before the derivation of physical activity outcomes, accelerometry data should undergo standardized quality control and data reduction procedures to prevent mis-representation of the results. Incomplete accelerometry data should be handled carefully, and strategies to improve compliance in the field are warranted.

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Actigraph GT3X: validation and determination of physical activity intensity cut points.

Liciane F Medeiros, Francisco Moreno-Ruiz, N Garatachea … (2013)

The aims of this study were: to compare energy expenditure (EE) estimated from the existing GT3X accelerometer equations and EE measured with indirect calorimetry; to define new equations for EE estimation with the GT3X in youth, adults and older people; and to define GT3X vector magnitude (VM) cut points allowing to classify PA intensity in the aforementioned age-groups. The study comprised 31 youth, 31 adults and 35 older people. Participants wore the GT3X (setup: 1-s epoch) over their right hip during 6 conditions of 10-min duration each: resting, treadmill walking/running at 3, 5, 7, and 9 km · h⁻¹, and repeated sit-stands (30 times · min⁻¹). The GT3X proved to be a good tool to predict EE in youth and adults (able to discriminate between the aforementioned conditions), but not in the elderly. We defined the following equations: for all age-groups combined, EE (METs)=2.7406+0.00056 · VM activity counts (counts · min⁻¹)-0.008542 · age (years)-0.01380 · body mass (kg); for youth, METs=1.546618+0.000658 · VM activity counts (counts · min⁻¹); for adults, METs=2.8323+0.00054 · VM activity counts (counts · min⁻¹)-0.059123 · body mass (kg)+1.4410 · gender (women=1, men=2); and for the elderly, METs=2.5878+0.00047 · VM activity counts (counts · min⁻¹)-0.6453 · gender (women=1, men=2). Activity counts derived from the VM yielded a more accurate EE estimation than those derived from the Y-axis. The GT3X represents a step forward in triaxial technology estimating EE. However, age-specific equations must be used to ensure the correct use of this device. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nutrients

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nutrients

Journal ID (publisher-id): nutrients

Title: Nutrients

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2072-6643

Publication date (Electronic): 09 March 2019

Publication date Collection: March 2019

Volume: 11

Issue: 3

Electronic Location Identifier: 582

Affiliations

[1 ]GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; Irene.rodriguez@ 123456uclm.es (I.R.-G.); asier.manas@ 123456uclm.es (A.M.); losa.jose@ 123456gmail.com (J.L.-R.); luis.alegre@ 123456uclm.es (L.M.A.)

[2 ]CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28001 Madrid, Spain; leocadio.rodriguez@ 123456salud.madrid.org (L.R.-M.); franjogarcia@ 123456telefonica.net (F.J.G.-G.)

[3 ]Geriatric Department, Hospital Virgen del Valle, 45071 Toledo, Spain

[4 ]Geriatric Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28901 Getafe, Spain

[5 ]School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G1 1BX, UK; Sebastien.Chastin@ 123456gcu.ac.uk

[6 ]Department Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: ignacio.ara@ 123456uclm.es ; Tel.: +34-925-268-800 (ext. 5543)

[†]

Equal contribution.

Author information

Irene Rodríguez-Gómez https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1622-7109

Asier Mañas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1683-1365

Sebastien F.M. Chastin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1421-9348

Luis M. Alegre https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4502-9275

Ignacio Ara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2854-6684

Article

Publisher ID: nutrients-11-00582

DOI: 10.3390/nu11030582

PMC ID: 6472191

PubMed ID: 30857291

SO-VID: 80ead8da-b9dd-4611-99e6-8d863730b9b3

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

History

Date received : 19 January 2019

Date accepted : 05 March 2019

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Most cited references 34

Alternative definitions of sarcopenia, lower extremity performance, and functional impairment with aging in older men and women.

Quality control and data reduction procedures for accelerometry-derived measures of physical activity.

Actigraph GT3X: validation and determination of physical activity intensity cut points.

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