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      The change in the frequency and severity of facial dermatoses and complaints in healthcare workers during the COVID‐19

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          Abstract

          Background

          The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to a dramatic increase in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). However, the increased use of PPEs may lead to facial skin complaints.

          Aims

          This survey study aims to evaluate the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on facial dermatoses and complaints.

          Methods

          A total of 1017 volunteers (age 18–60 years), consisting of healthcare workers, participated in the study. In the present study, healthcare professionals were screened for facial dermatoses and complaints between 1 and 15 April 2021 with an online survey.

          Results

          The vast majority of the survey were women (82.4%) and between 26 and 35 years old (49.2%). The most new‐onset facial complaints were acne (25.3%) and lip dryness (29.2%). Along with the pandemic, 50.9% of patients with seborrheic dermatitis had an increase in lesions. Another remarkable result was a 60.5% increase in acne complaints. Moreover, the rate of exacerbations of rosacea, melasma, and lip dryness was increased after the COVID‐19 pandemic (39.1%, 22.0%, and 42.7%, respectively). Exacerbations of seborrheic dermatitis, acne, and lip dryness have occurred more frequently in females when compared to males ( p < 0.001).

          Conclusions

          The current pandemic has had serious impacts on facial dermatoses which had to be managed carefully. Compared to the pre‐pandemic period, there was a significant increase in the frequency and severity of complaints in facial dermatoses related to PPE. If the complaints that may develop due to PPE are known in advance, their development can be prevented by taking precautions against them.

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          Most cited references39

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          A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

          Na Zhu, Dingyu Zhang, Wenling Wang … (2020)
          Summary In December 2019, a cluster of patients with pneumonia of unknown cause was linked to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan, China. A previously unknown betacoronavirus was discovered through the use of unbiased sequencing in samples from patients with pneumonia. Human airway epithelial cells were used to isolate a novel coronavirus, named 2019-nCoV, which formed a clade within the subgenus sarbecovirus, Orthocoronavirinae subfamily. Different from both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, 2019-nCoV is the seventh member of the family of coronaviruses that infect humans. Enhanced surveillance and further investigation are ongoing. (Funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China and the National Major Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease in China.)
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            Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia

            Qun Li, Xuhua Guan, Peng Wu … (2020)
            Abstract Background The initial cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)–infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and January 2020. We analyzed data on the first 425 confirmed cases in Wuhan to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of NCIP. Methods We collected information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, and illness timelines of laboratory-confirmed cases of NCIP that had been reported by January 22, 2020. We described characteristics of the cases and estimated the key epidemiologic time-delay distributions. In the early period of exponential growth, we estimated the epidemic doubling time and the basic reproductive number. Results Among the first 425 patients with confirmed NCIP, the median age was 59 years and 56% were male. The majority of cases (55%) with onset before January 1, 2020, were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, as compared with 8.6% of the subsequent cases. The mean incubation period was 5.2 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1 to 7.0), with the 95th percentile of the distribution at 12.5 days. In its early stages, the epidemic doubled in size every 7.4 days. With a mean serial interval of 7.5 days (95% CI, 5.3 to 19), the basic reproductive number was estimated to be 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.9). Conclusions On the basis of this information, there is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019. Considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere. Measures to prevent or reduce transmission should be implemented in populations at risk. (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and others.)
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              Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact in Germany

              Camilla Rothe, Mirjam Schunk, Peter Sothmann … (2020)
              To the Editor: The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) from Wuhan is currently causing concern in the medical community as the virus is spreading around the world. 1 Since identification of the virus in late December 2019, the number of cases from China that have been imported into other countries is on the rise, and the epidemiologic picture is changing on a daily basis. We are reporting a case of 2019-nCoV infection acquired outside Asia in which transmission appears to have occurred during the incubation period in the index patient. A 33-year-old otherwise healthy German businessman (Patient 1) became ill with a sore throat, chills, and myalgias on January 24, 2020. The following day, a fever of 39.1°C (102.4°F) developed, along with a productive cough. By the evening of the next day, he started feeling better and went back to work on January 27. Before the onset of symptoms, he had attended meetings with a Chinese business partner at his company near Munich on January 20 and 21. The business partner, a Shanghai resident, had visited Germany between January 19 and 22. During her stay, she had been well with no signs or symptoms of infection but had become ill on her flight back to China, where she tested positive for 2019-nCoV on January 26 (index patient in Figure 1) (see Supplementary Appendix, available at NEJM.org, for details on the timeline of symptom development leading to hospitalization). On January 27, she informed the company about her illness. Contact tracing was started, and the above-mentioned colleague was sent to the Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine in Munich for further assessment. At presentation, he was afebrile and well. He reported no previous or chronic illnesses and had no history of foreign travel within 14 days before the onset of symptoms. Two nasopharyngeal swabs and one sputum sample were obtained and were found to be positive for 2019-nCoV on quantitative reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. 2 Follow-up qRT-PCR assay revealed a high viral load of 108 copies per milliliter in his sputum during the following days, with the last available result on January 29. On January 28, three additional employees at the company tested positive for 2019-nCoV (Patients 2 through 4 in Figure 1). Of these patients, only Patient 2 had contact with the index patient; the other two patients had contact only with Patient 1. In accordance with the health authorities, all the patients with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection were admitted to a Munich infectious diseases unit for clinical monitoring and isolation. So far, none of the four confirmed patients show signs of severe clinical illness. This case of 2019-nCoV infection was diagnosed in Germany and transmitted outside Asia. However, it is notable that the infection appears to have been transmitted during the incubation period of the index patient, in whom the illness was brief and nonspecific. 3 The fact that asymptomatic persons are potential sources of 2019-nCoV infection may warrant a reassessment of transmission dynamics of the current outbreak. In this context, the detection of 2019-nCoV and a high sputum viral load in a convalescent patient (Patient 1) arouse concern about prolonged shedding of 2019-nCoV after recovery. Yet, the viability of 2019-nCoV detected on qRT-PCR in this patient remains to be proved by means of viral culture. Despite these concerns, all four patients who were seen in Munich have had mild cases and were hospitalized primarily for public health purposes. Since hospital capacities are limited — in particular, given the concurrent peak of the influenza season in the northern hemisphere — research is needed to determine whether such patients can be treated with appropriate guidance and oversight outside the hospital.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Nur Cihan Cosansu:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6156-6380
                mimaroglu5@hotmail.com
                Mahizer Yaldız:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0502-9024
                drmahizer@gmail.com
                Bahar Sevimli Dikicier:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1912-3946
                bsevimlidikicier@sakarya.edu.tr
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Cosmet Dermatol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Cosmet Dermatol
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1111/(ISSN)1473-2165
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JOCD
                Title: Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Print): 1473-2130
                ISSN (Electronic): 1473-2165
                Publication date (Electronic): 02 June 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 02 June 2022
                Electronic Location Identifier: 10.1111/jocd.15044
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Dermatology Education and Research Hospital Sakarya University Sakarya Turkey
                [ 2 ] Department of Dermatology Yenikent State Hospital Sakarya Turkey
                [ 3 ] Department of Dermatology and Venereology School of Medicine Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Tokat Turkey
                [ 4 ] Department of Biostatistics Sakarya Medical Faculty Sakarya University Sakarya Turkey
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Nur Cihan Cosansu, Department of Dermatology, Education and Research Hospital, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54100, Turkey.

                Email: mimaroglu5@ 123456hotmail.com

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6156-6380
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9656-1114
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9665-015X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4122-6431
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0502-9024
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1912-3946
                Article
                Publisher ID: JOCD15044
                DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15044
                PMC ID: 9347995
                PubMed ID: 35509253
                SO-VID: 808ceac6-5583-468a-a541-5878a20bb395
                Copyright © © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
                License:

                This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.

                History
                Date revision received : 19 April 2022
                Date received : 18 January 2022
                Date accepted : 02 May 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 4, Pages: 6, Words: 4655
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article
                Subject: Original Articles
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                edited-state corrected-proof
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.1.7 mode:remove_FC converted:03.08.2022

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dermatology
                Keywords: covid‐19,facial dermatoses,pandemic
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dermatology
                Keywords: covid‐19, facial dermatoses, pandemic

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